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- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures abstract "The Chester city walls surround what was the extent of the English city of Chester in the medieval period. They started as a defensive structure for the fortress of Deva Victrix during the Roman occupation of Britain. Originating between 70 and 90 AD, they consisted of earth ramparts surmounted by wooden palisades. At intervals there were wooden gates and towers. Following the arrival of the Legio XX Valeria Victrix at the end of the 1st century the walls were reconstructed in sandstone, and building work continued, with interruptions, until the Roman circuit of the walls was completed over 100 years later. During the same period the towers and gates were rebuilt in stone. Repairs were carried out on the walls throughout the Roman occupation. Chester was refortified in 907 by Æthelflæd, but how this affected the walls is not precisely known. The north and east Roman walls were certainly used in the fortification, as they are still in existence today, but it is possible that they were extended to the west and south to meet the River Dee.The full circuit of the walls as they are today was completed by the end of the 12th century. The north and east walls were extended, the west and south walls were built, and the towers and gates were incorporated. Only the north and east walls contain towers, as the river was thought to be a sufficient defence on the southern and western sides. Repair of the walls was an ongoing problem during the medieval period, and at some time 3rd-century Roman altars and tombstones were used as raw materials; some of the tombstones are on display in the Grosvenor Museum. The wall and its towers were damaged during the English Civil War, particularly in the sieges of the city between 1644 and 1646. Further rebuilding and repairs were carried out following the war, but it was a constant struggle to cope with the scale of the necessary repairs.By the 18th century the walls had outlived their purpose as a defensive structure, and were becoming popular as a promenade. In 1707, the city Assembly spent £1,000 (£150,000 as of 2015) to repair the walls and to flag the footway. Distinguished visitors who walked the walls around that time included John Wesley and Samuel Johnson. The four major gates were replaced, Eastgate, Bridgegate and Watergate during the 18th century and Northgate, with its associated gaol, in 1808–10. Shortly after 1810, part of the southern section of the walk was demolished to accommodate the yard for the new gaol. In 1846, the northeastern corner of the walls was breached by the Chester and Holyhead Railway. Newgate was opened in 1938 to bridge a new road built to relieve traffic congestion in the city centre, and in 1966 St Martin's Gate was built across the Inner Ring Road.The "walls, tower, gates and posterns of the City of Chester" are recognised as a scheduled monument. All the towers associated with the walls have been designated as Grade I listed buildings, as have all the sections of the wall, other than that between Bridgegate and the former County Hall (now used by the University of Chester, which is listed Grade II*. The gates are all designated Grade I except for Old Newgate, which is Grade II*, Newgate, which is Grade II, and St Martin's Gate, which is not listed. The three grades of listing are defined as follows. Grade I buildings are "of exceptional interest, sometimes considered to be internationally important"; Grade II* buildings are "particularly important buildings of more than special interest"; and Grade II buildings are "nationally important and of special interest".The circuit of the walls extends for 2 miles (3 km), rises to a height of 40 feet (12.2 m), and "is the most complete circuit of Roman and medieval defensive town wall in Britain". The editor of the Victoria County History states "the walls still in 2000 formed an almost unbroken pathway and a delight to visitors".This list starts in the northwest corner with Bonewaldesthorne's Tower, and includes the Water Tower, which is outside the circuit of the walls, but connected by a spur wall to Bonewaldesthorne's Tower. It then continues in a clockwise direction, starting with the north wall.".
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures thumbnail Chester_city_walls.jpg?width=300.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageID "31941680".
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageLength "32933".
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageOutDegree "128".
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageRevisionID "654052473".
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Abutment.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Baluster.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Barnabys_Tower.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Battlement.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Bedrock.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Bonewaldesthornes_Tower.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Bridgegate,_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Casemate.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Castra.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Category:City_walls_in_the_United_Kingdom.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Category:Scheduled_Ancient_Monuments_in_Cheshire.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Category:Towers_in_Cheshire.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Category:Visitor_attractions_in_Cheshire.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Category:Walls_in_England.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Chester_(district).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Chester_Cathedral.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Chester_City_Council.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Chester_Racecourse.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Chester_and_Holyhead_Railway.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Chester_city_walls.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Cornice.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Course_(architecture).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Defensive_wall.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Deva_Victrix.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Diamond_Jubilee.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Diamond_jubilee.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Eastgate_and_Eastgate_Clock.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Edward_I_of_England.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Embrasure.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink English_Civil_War.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink File:Chester_city_walls.jpg.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Flagstone.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Fountain.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Gable.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Gatehouse.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Grosvenor_Museum.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Grosvenor_Shopping_Centre.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Guild.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink J._B._Joyce_&_Co.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink JB_Joyce_&_Co.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink John_Douglas_(architect).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink John_Wesley.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Kaleyard_Gate,_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Legio_XX_Valeria_Victrix.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Listed_building.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Mayor.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Middle_Ages.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Molding_(decorative).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Morgans_Mount.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Neoclassical_architecture.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Newgate,_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Northgate,_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Old_Dee_Bridge.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Overthrow_(structure).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Palisade.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Parapet.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Pembertons_Parlour.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Phoenix_(mythology).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Phoenix_Tower,_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Portal_(architecture).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Postern.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Prison.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Queen_Victoria.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Recorder_(judge).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Recorder_(legal_office).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Recorders_Steps.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink River_Dee,_Wales.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink River_Dee_(Wales).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Britain.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Ropewalk.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Rustication_(architecture).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Samuel_Johnson.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Sandstone.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Scheduled_monument.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Sett_(paving).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Shropshire.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Silt.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Thimblebys_Tower.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Thomas_Harrison_(architect).
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Victoria_County_History.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Voussoir.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Walter_Tapper.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Water_Tower,_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Watergate,_Chester.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Whitchurch,_Shropshire.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Wrought_iron.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Yale_University_Press.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink Æthelflæd.
- List_of_sections_of_Chester_city_walls_and_associated_structures wikiPageWikiLink File:A_view_along_Chesters_Walls_-_geograph.org.uk_-_12054.jpg.