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- List_of_misnamed_theorems abstract "This is a list of misnamed theorems in mathematics. It includes theorems (and lemmas, corollaries, conjectures, laws, and perhaps even the odd object) that are well known in mathematics, but which are not named for the originator. That is, these items on this list illustrate Stigler's law of eponymy (which is not, of course, due to Stigler, who credits Merton).Benford's law. This was first stated in 1881 by Simon Newcomb, and rediscovered in 1938 by Frank Benford. The first rigorous formulation and proof seems to be due to Ted Hill in 1988.Bertrand's ballot theorem. This result concerning the probability that the winner of an election was ahead at each step of ballot counting was first published by W. A. Whitworth in 1878, but named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand who rediscovered it in 1887.Bézout's theorem. The statement may have been made first by Isaac Newton in 1665. The matter of a proof was taken up by Colin MacLaurin (c. 1720) and Leonhard Euler as well as Étienne Bézout (c. 1750). However, Bézout's "proof" was incorrect. The first correct proof seems to be due mostly to Georges-Henri Halphen in the 1870s.Burnside's lemma. This was stated and proved without attribution in Burnside's 1897 textbook, but it had previously been discussed by Augustin Cauchy, in 1845, and by Georg Frobenius in 1887.Cayley–Hamilton theorem. The theorem was first proved in the easy special case of 2×2 matrices by Cayley, and later for the case of 4×4 matrices by Hamilton. But it was only proved in general by Frobenius in 1878.Cramer's paradox. This was first noted by Colin Maclaurin in 1720, and then rediscovered by Leonhard Euler in 1748 (whose paper was not published for another two years, as Euler wrote his papers faster than his printers could print them). It was also discussed by Gabriel Cramer in 1750, who independently suggested the essential idea needed for the resolution, although providing a rigorous proof remained an outstanding open problem for much of the 19th century. Even though Cramer had cited Maclaurin, the paradox became known after Cramer rather than Maclaurin. Halphen, Arthur Cayley, and several other luminaries contributed to the earliest more or less correct proof. See for an excellent review.Cramer's rule. It is named after Gabriel Cramer (1704–1752), who published the rule in his 1750 Introduction à l'analyse des lignes courbes algébriques, although Colin Maclaurin also published the method in his 1748 Treatise of Algebra (and probably knew of the method as early as 1729).Frobenius theorem. This fundamental theorem was stated and proved in 1840 by Feodor Deahna. Even though Frobenius cited Deahna's paper in his own 1875 paper, it became known after Frobenius, not Deahna. See for a historical review.Heine–Borel theorem. This theorem was proved in 1872 by Émile Borel, not by Eduard Heine. Borel used techniques similar to those that Heine used to prove that continuous functions on closed intervals are uniformly continuous. Heine's name was attached because Schönflies noticed the similarity in Heine's and Borel's approaches. In fact, the theorem was first proved in 1852 by Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet, but Lejeune Dirichlet's lecture notes were not published until 1904.L'Hôpital's rule. This rule first appeared in l'Hôpital's book L'Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes in 1696. The rule is believed to be the work of Johann Bernoulli since l'Hôpital, a nobleman, paid Bernoulli a retainer of 300 francs per year to keep him updated on developments in calculus and to solve problems he had. See L'Analyse des Infiniment Petits pour l'Intelligence des Lignes Courbes and reference therein.Maclaurin series. The Maclaurin series was named after Colin Maclaurin, a professor in Edinburgh, who published this special case of the Taylor series in 1742, but never claimed to have discovered it.Marden's theorem. This theorem relating the location of the zeros of a complex cubic polynomial to the zeros of its derivative was named by Dan Kalman after Kalman read it in a 1966 book by Morris Marden, who had first written about it in 1945. But, as Marden had himself written, its original proof was by Jörg Siebeck in 1864.Morrie's law. The name is due to physicist Richard Feynman, who used to refer to the identity under that name. Feynman picked that name because he had learned the law during his childhood from a boy with the name Morrie Jacobs.Pell's equation. The solution of the equation x2 − dy2 = 1, where x and y are unknown positive integers and where d is a known positive integer which is not a perfect square, is ascribed to John Pell. It seems to have been discovered by Fermat, who set it as a challenge problem in 1657. The first European solution is found in a joint work in 1658 by John Wallis and Lord Brouncker; in 1668, a shorter solution was given in an edition of a third mathemathetician's work by Pell; see ref. The first rigorous proof may be due to Lagrange. The misnomer apparently came about when Euler confused Brouncker and Pell; see for an extensive account of the history of this equation.Poincaré lemma. This was mentioned in 1886 by Henri Poincaré, but was first proved in a series of 1889 papers by the distinguished Italian mathematician Vito Volterra. Nonetheless it has become known after Poincaré. See for the twisted history of this lemma.Pólya enumeration theorem. This was proven in 1927 in a difficult paper by J. H. Redfield. Despite the prominence of the venue (the American Journal of Mathematics), the paper was overlooked. Eventually, the theorem was independently rediscovered in 1936 by George Pólya. Not until 1960 did Frank Harary unearth the much earlier paper by Redfield. See for historical and other information.Stokes' theorem. It is named after Sir George Gabriel Stokes (1819–1903), although the first known statement of the theorem is by William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) and appears in a letter of his to Stokes. The theorem acquired its name from Stokes' habit of including it in the Cambridge prize examinations. In 1854 he asked his students to prove the theorem in an examination; it is not known if anyone was able to do so.Zorn's lemma is named for Max Zorn. Much work on the theorem now known as Zorn's lemma, and on several closely related formulations such as the Hausdorff maximal principle, was done between 1907 and 1940 by Zorn, Brouwer, Hausdorff, Kuratowski, R. L. Moore, and others. But the particular theorem now known as "Zorn's lemma" was never proved by Zorn, and in any event Zorn's results were anticipated by Kuratowski. The theorem was discovered by Chevalley in 1936, and published and attributed to Zorn by him in Bourbaki's Théorie des Ensembles in 1939. A very similar result was anticipated by S. Bochner in 1928.↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ 12.0 12.1 ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑".
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- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink American_Journal_of_Mathematics.
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- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Arthur_Cayley.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Arthur_Moritz_Schoenflies.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Arthur_Moritz_Schönflies.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Augustin-Louis_Cauchy.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Augustin_Louis_Cauchy.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Benfords_law.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Bertrands_ballot_theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Burnsides_lemma.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Bxc3xa9zouts_theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Cambridge_university.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Category:Mathematics-related_lists.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Category:Theorems.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Cayley–Hamilton_theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Claude_Chevalley.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Closed_and_exact_differential_forms.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Colin_MacLaurin.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Colin_Maclaurin.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Conjecture.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Conjecture_(mathematics).
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Cramers_paradox.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Cramers_rule.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Eduard_Heine.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Felix_Hausdorff.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Feodor_Deahna.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Ferdinand_Georg_Frobenius.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Frank_Benford.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Frank_Harary.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Frobenius_theorem_(differential_topology).
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Gabriel_Cramer.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink George_Gabriel_Stokes.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink George_Pólya.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Georges-Henri_Halphen.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Georges_Henri_Halphen.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Hausdorff_maximal_principle.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Heine–Borel_theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Henri_Poincaré.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Isaac_Newton.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink J._H._Redfield.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Johann_Bernoulli.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink John_Howard_Redfield.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink John_Pell.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink John_Wallis.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Joseph-Louis_Lagrange.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_Louis_François_Bertrand.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_Louis_Lagrange.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Kazimierz_Kuratowski.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink L._E._J._Brouwer.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink LAnalyse_des_Infiniment_Petits_pour_lIntelligence_des_Lignes_Courbes.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink LHxc3xb4pitals_rule.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Lemma_(mathematics).
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Leonhard_Euler.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink List_of_examples_of_Stiglers_law.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink List_of_theorems.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Lord_Brouncker.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Maclaurin_series.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Mardens_theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Mathematics.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Matthew_effect.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Matthew_effect_(sociology).
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Max_August_Zorn.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Max_Zorn.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Morries_law.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Pells_equation.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Peter_Gustav_Lejeune_Dirichlet.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Pierre_de_Fermat.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Poincaré_lemma.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Pólya_enumeration_theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink R._L._Moore.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Richard_Feynman.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Robert_Lee_Moore.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Salomon_Bochner.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Simon_Newcomb.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Sir_George_Stokes,_1st_Baronet.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Stiglers_law_of_eponymy.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Stokes_theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Taylor_series.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Ted_Hill_(mathematician).
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Theorem.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Cambridge.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Vito_Volterra.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink William_Allen_Whitworth.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink William_Brouncker,_2nd_Viscount_Brouncker.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink William_Rowan_Hamilton.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Zorns_lemma.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Émile_Borel.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLink Étienne_Bézout.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLinkText "List of misnamed theorems".
- List_of_misnamed_theorems wikiPageWikiLinkText "misnamed".
- List_of_misnamed_theorems hasPhotoCollection List_of_misnamed_theorems.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems subject Category:Mathematics-related_lists.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems subject Category:Theorems.
- List_of_misnamed_theorems hypernym List.