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- Limescale abstract "Limescale is the hard, off-white, chalky deposit found in kettles, hot-water boilers and the inside of inadequately maintained hot-water central heating systems.It is also often found as a similar deposit on the inner surface of old pipes and other surfaces where "hard water" has evaporated. In addition to being unsightly and hard to clean, limescale seriously impairs the operation or damages various components.The type found deposited on the heating elements of water heaters has a main component of calcium carbonate. Hard water contains calcium (and often magnesium) bicarbonate or similar ions. Calcium salts, such as calcium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate are both more soluble in hot water than cold water. Thus, heating water does not cause calcium carbonate to precipitate per se. However, there is an equilibrium between dissolved calcium bicarbonate and dissolved calcium carbonate:Ca2+ + 2HCO3− ⇋ Ca2+ + CO32− + CO2 + H2Owhere the equilibrium is driven by the carbonate/bicarbonate, not the calcium. Note that the CO2 is dissolved in the water. There is also an equilibrium of carbon dioxide between dissolved in water (dis) and the gaseous state (g):CO2(dis) ⇋ CO2(g)The equilibrium of CO2 also moves to the right towards gaseous CO2 when the water temperature rises. When water that contains dissolved calcium carbonate is warmed, CO2 is removed from the water as gas causing the equilibrium of bicarbonate and carbonate to shift to the right, increasing the concentration of dissolved carbonate. As the concentration of carbonate increases, calcium carbonate precipitates as the salt: Ca2+ + CO32− ⇋ CaCO3.As new cold water with dissolved calcium carbonate/bicarbonate is added and heated, CO2 gas is removed, carbonate concentration increases, and more calcium carbonate precipitates.Descaling agents are used to remove scale. Prevention of scale build-up relies on the technologies of water softening.".
- Limescale thumbnail Kesselstein_k.jpg?width=300.
- Limescale wikiPageID "1224314".
- Limescale wikiPageLength "3564".
- Limescale wikiPageOutDegree "23".
- Limescale wikiPageRevisionID "681494795".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Bicarbonate.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Calcium.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_bicarbonate.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Calcium_carbonate.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Category:Fouling.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Category:Limestone.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Category:Water.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Cation.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Descaling_agent.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Fouling.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Hard_water.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Hematite.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Limestone.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Magnesium.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Magnetic_water_treatment.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Magnetite.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Soap.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Soap_scum.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Water_softening.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Wustite.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink Wüstite.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink File:Kesselstein_k.jpg.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLink File:Limescale-in-pipe.jpg.
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "Limescale".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "Scale".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "encrustation".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "hardness scale".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "limed".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "limescale".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "scale".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "scales".
- Limescale wikiPageWikiLinkText "scaling".
- Limescale hasPhotoCollection Limescale.
- Limescale wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Dubious.
- Limescale wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Unicode.
- Limescale subject Category:Fouling.
- Limescale subject Category:Limestone.
- Limescale subject Category:Water.
- Limescale hypernym Deposit.
- Limescale type Library.
- Limescale type Dynamic.
- Limescale type Liquid.
- Limescale comment "Limescale is the hard, off-white, chalky deposit found in kettles, hot-water boilers and the inside of inadequately maintained hot-water central heating systems.It is also often found as a similar deposit on the inner surface of old pipes and other surfaces where "hard water" has evaporated.".
- Limescale label "Limescale".
- Limescale sameAs رواسب_كلسية.
- Limescale sameAs Vodní_kámen.
- Limescale sameAs Kesselstein.
- Limescale sameAs Katlakivi.
- Limescale sameAs Tartre_(eau).
- Limescale sameAs אבנית.
- Limescale sameAs Kamenac_(kotao).
- Limescale sameAs Vízkő.
- Limescale sameAs Incrostazione_calcarea.
- Limescale sameAs 水垢.
- Limescale sameAs 관석.
- Limescale sameAs Ketelsteen.
- Limescale sameAs Kamień_kotłowy.
- Limescale sameAs m.04jy1d.
- Limescale sameAs Накипь.
- Limescale sameAs Kamenac_(naslaga).
- Limescale sameAs Kamenac_(naslaga).
- Limescale sameAs Pannsten.
- Limescale sameAs Накип_(камінь).
- Limescale sameAs Q747404.
- Limescale sameAs Q747404.
- Limescale sameAs 水垢.
- Limescale wasDerivedFrom Limescale?oldid=681494795.
- Limescale depiction Kesselstein_k.jpg.
- Limescale isPrimaryTopicOf Limescale.