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- Limb_development abstract "Limb development in tetrapods — animals with four limbs — is an area of active research in developmental biology. Limb formation begins in the limb field, as mesenchymal cells from the lateral plate mesoderm proliferate to the point that they cause the ectoderm above to bulge out, which is known as the limb bud. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induces formation of an organizer, called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which guides further development and controls cell death. Apoptosis — programmed cell death — is necessary to eliminate webbing between digits.The limb field is a region specified by expression of certain homeobox (Hox) genes and Tbx genes; Tbx5 for forelimb and Tbx4 for hindlimb. Establishment of the limb field requires retinoic acid signaling in the developing trunk of the embryo from which the limb emerges.Limb formation results from series of epithelial-mesenchymal inductions between the mesenchymal cells of the lateral plate mesoderm and the overlying ectodermal cells. Cells from the lateral plate mesoderm and the myotome migrate to the limb field and proliferate to create the limb bud. The lateral plate cells produce the cartilaginous and skeletal portions of the limb while the myotome cells produce the muscle components. The lateral plate mesodermal cells secrete a fibroblast growth factor (FGF7 and FGF10, presumably) to induce the overlying ectoderm to form an important organizing structure called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER). The AER reciprocatively secretes FGF8 and FGF4 which maintains the FGF10 signal and induces proliferation in the mesoderm. The position of FGF10 expression is regulated by Wnt8c in the hindlimb and Wnt2b in the forelimb. The forelimb and the hindlimb are specified by their position along the anterior/posterior axis and possibly by two T-box containing transcription factors: Tbx5 and Tbx4, respectively.Programmed cell death removes the "webbing" between the digits and joints. BMP signaling induces cell death and Noggin blocks cell death in the digits.".
- Limb_development thumbnail 6_weeks_pregnant.png?width=300.
- Limb_development wikiPageID "8134498".
- Limb_development wikiPageLength "17843".
- Limb_development wikiPageOutDegree "70".
- Limb_development wikiPageRevisionID "678946677".
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Alan_Turing.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Anatomical_terms_of_location.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Animal.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Apical_ectodermal_ridge.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Apoptosis.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Cartilage.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Cartilaginous.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Category:Developmental_biology.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Cell_adhesion.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_differentiation.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Developmental_biology.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Differentiation_(cellular).
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Ectoderm.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Epithelial.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Epithelium.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Excitable_medium.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Extracellular_matrix.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink FGF10.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink FGF4.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink FGF7.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink FGF8.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Fibroblast_growth_factor.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink GLI3.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Gli3.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Homeobox.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Lateral_plate_mesoderm.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Lewis_Wolpert.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Limb_bud.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Mesenchymal.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Mesenchyme.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Morphogen.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Morphogenesis.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Morphogenetic_field.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Muscle.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Myotome.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Noggin_(protein).
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Notch_signaling_pathway.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Pattern_formation.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Positional_information.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Retinoic_acid.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Self-organization.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Skeletal.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Skeleton.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Sonic_hedgehog.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink T-box.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink TBX5_(gene).
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Tbx4.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Tbx5.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Tetrapod.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Transcription_factor.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Transforming_growth_factor_beta.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Wnt2b.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Wnt7a.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Wnt8c.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Wnt_signaling_pathway.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Zone_of_Polarizing_Activity.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink Zone_of_polarizing_activity.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink File:6_weeks_pregnant.png.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink File:9-Week_Human_Embryo_from_Ectopic_Pregnancy.jpg.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink File:Limb_bud_early_signals.png.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLink File:Stylopod-zygopod-autopod.png.
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLinkText "Limb development".
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLinkText "Patterning along the limb bud".
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLinkText "dorso-ventral patterning".
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLinkText "dorso-ventral polarity".
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLinkText "limb development".
- Limb_development wikiPageWikiLinkText "limb".
- Limb_development hasPhotoCollection Limb_development.
- Limb_development wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Limb_development wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Embryology_of_bones,_joints,_and_muscles.
- Limb_development wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Limb_development subject Category:Developmental_biology.
- Limb_development hypernym Area.
- Limb_development type Article.
- Limb_development type Place.
- Limb_development type Article.
- Limb_development comment "Limb development in tetrapods — animals with four limbs — is an area of active research in developmental biology. Limb formation begins in the limb field, as mesenchymal cells from the lateral plate mesoderm proliferate to the point that they cause the ectoderm above to bulge out, which is known as the limb bud. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) induces formation of an organizer, called the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which guides further development and controls cell death.".
- Limb_development label "Limb development".
- Limb_development sameAs Extremitätenentwicklung.
- Limb_development sameAs Desarrollo_de_las_extremidades.
- Limb_development sameAs Jäseme_areng_tetrapoodidel.
- Limb_development sameAs Ogólny_plan_budowy_kończyn.
- Limb_development sameAs m.026svpr.
- Limb_development sameAs Q2277862.
- Limb_development sameAs Q2277862.
- Limb_development wasDerivedFrom Limb_development?oldid=678946677.
- Limb_development depiction 6_weeks_pregnant.png.
- Limb_development isPrimaryTopicOf Limb_development.