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• Lewis_acid_catalysis abstract "In Lewis acid catalysis of organic reactions, a metal-based Lewis acid acts as an electron pair acceptor to increase the reactivity of a substrate. Common Lewis acid catalysts are based on main group metals such as aluminum, boron, silicon, and tin, as well as many early (titanium, zirconium) and late (iron, copper, zinc) d-block metals. The metal atom forms an adduct with a lone-pair bearing electronegative atom in the substrate, such as oxygen (both sp2 or sp3), nitrogen, sulfur, and halogens. The complexation has partial charge-transfer character and makes the lone-pair donor effectively more electronegative, activating the substrate toward nucleophilic attack, heterolytic bond cleavage, or cycloaddition with 1,3-dienes and 1,3-dipoles.Many classical reactions involving carbon–carbon or carbon–heteroatom bond formation can be catalyzed by Lewis acids. Examples include the Friedel-Crafts reaction, the aldol reaction, and various pericyclic processes that proceed slowly at room temperature, such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the ene reaction. In addition to accelerating the reactions, Lewis acid catalysts are able to impose regioselectivity and stereoselectivity in many cases.Early developments in Lewis acid reagents focused on easily available compounds such as TiCl4, BF3, SnCl4, and AlCl3. The relative strengths of these (and other) Lewis acids may be estimated from NMR spectroscopy by the Childs method or the Gutmann-Beckett method. Over the years, versatile catalysts bearing ligands designed for specific applications have facilitated improvement in both reactivity and selectivity of Lewis acid-catalyzed reactions. More recently, Lewis acid catalysts with chiral ligands have become an important class of tools for asymmetric catalysis.Challenges in the development of Lewis acid catalysis include inefficient catalyst turnover (caused by catalyst affinity for the product) and the frequent requirement of two-point binding for stereoselectivity, which often necessitates the use of auxiliary groups.".
• Lewis_acid_catalysis thumbnail First_Lewis_acid-catalyzed_Diels-Alder_reaction.PNG?width=300.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageID "37264695".
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageLength "37672".
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageOutDegree "133".
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageRevisionID "675084227".
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink 1,1-Bi-2-naphthol.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink 1,3-Dipolar_cycloaddition.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink 1,3-dipolar_cycloaddition.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Acylation.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Aldol_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Aluminium.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Aluminium_chloride.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Aluminum.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Aniline.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Asymmetric_catalysis.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink BINAP.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink BINOL.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Bisoxazoline_ligand.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Boron.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Boron_trifluoride.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Cahn–Ingold–Prelog_priority_rules.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Carbocation.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Carbonyl.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Carbonyl-ene_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Catalysis.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chemical_reactions.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Chelate.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Chelation.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Chiral.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Chiral_Lewis_acid.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Chirality.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Claisen_rearrangement.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Computational_chemistry.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Concerted_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Copper.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Denticity.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Diels-Alder.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Diels-Alder_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Diels-Alder_reactions.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Diels–Alder_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Directed_ortho_metalation.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Electronegative.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Electronegativity.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Electrophilic_aromatic_substitution.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Enantioselective_synthesis.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Ene_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Enol.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Enolates.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Formylation.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Friedel-Crafts.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Friedel-Crafts_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Friedel–Crafts.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Friedel–Crafts_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Frontier_orbital.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Gutmann-Beckett_method.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Gutmann–Beckett_method.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink LUMO.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Halogen.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Halogens.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Heterolysis_(chemistry).
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Heterolytic_bond_cleavage.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Hyperforin.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Iron.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Isoprene.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Kinetic_isotope_effect.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink LUMO.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Lewis_acid.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Lewis_acids.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Lewis_acids_and_bases.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Ligand.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Ligands.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Maleic_anhydride.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Mannich_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Methyl_acrylate.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Michael_addition.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Michael_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Mukaiyama_aldol_addition.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Mukaiyama_aldol_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink NMR.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Natural_product.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Natural_products.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Nazarov_cyclization.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Nazarov_cyclization_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Nitrile.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Nitrogen.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_magnetic_resonance.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Nucleophile.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Nucleophilic.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Octahedral_molecular_geometry.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Oxygen.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Phosphoramidite.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Ruthenium.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink SN1_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink SN2_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Sakurai_reaction.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Silicon.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Silyl_enol_ether.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Silyl_enol_ethers.
• Lewis_acid_catalysis wikiPageWikiLink Square_planar_molecular_geometry.

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