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- Leland_Cunningham abstract "Leland Erskin Cunningham (February 19, 1904, in Wiscasset, Maine – May 31, 1989, in Richmond, California) was an American astronomer. In a career spanning 50 years, he became an authority on orbit theory and on precise measurements of the orbits of comets, planets, satellites, and space probes. He was also an early authority on electronic digital computers and assisted in their construction and use in orbit calculations.Cunningham began his career as an assistant to astronomer Fred Whipple at Harvard University. In this capacity, he became a driving force in using automated calculating methods for computing celestial orbits.During World War II, Cunningham joined the Ballistics Research Laboratory (BRL) at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Aberdeen, Maryland, putting his expertise in number crunching toward the war effort. The computational needs of the BRL revolved around the compilation of artillery firing tables and bombing tables and employed a number of methods, human, analog, and digital; the backlog of computation jobs was so overwhelming that a satellite computation center was opened at the University of Pennsylvania's Moore School of Electrical Engineering in Philadelphia, and improved methods of automated computation were sought. Cunningham was present at the June 1943 meeting at which J. Presper Eckert, John Mauchly, and Lt. Herman Goldstine proposed the construction of the ENIAC; the program was agreed upon the same day. Initial plans for the machine called for it to have a precision of 5 decimal digits, but Cunningham's input compelled the inventors to design it with a precision of 10 decimal digits.From 1945 to 1946, Cunningham served on the BRL's Computations Committee at Aberdeen Proving Grounds in Maryland, a group established as part of the Ballistics Research Laboratory to prepare the ENIAC for utilization following its completion the Moore School; the other Computations Committee members were Haskell Curry, Derrick Henry Lehmer, and Franz Alt. His duties included supervision of the laboratory's shop of IBM punched card calculating equipment, which was busy calculating ballistics trajectories, and writing sample problem specifications for benchmarking the ENIAC.In 1946, Cunningham followed Lehmer to Berkeley where the latter was a professor, joining the Department of Astronomy at the University of California, Berkeley (a department that had 10 members in 1964–1965), and at one point serving as the department's chair. With Lehmer, Cunningham planned the construction of the California Digital Computer (CALDIC).Working with the Leuschner Observatory in the 1950s and 1960s, Cunningham performed and published calculations of the orbits of comets. In particular, he showed that Comet Pereyra and Comet Ikeya-Seki were sungrazers similar to comets seen in 1668, 1843, 1880, and 1882.Cunningham died on May 31, 1989, at the age of 85.".
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageExternalLink computer.html.
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- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageID "6461658".
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageLength "4173".
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageOutDegree "45".
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageRevisionID "671736788".
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink (46512)_1951_QD.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink 2211_Hanuman.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink 6939_Lestone.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Aberdeen,_Maryland.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Aberdeen_Proving_Ground.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Aberdeen_Proving_Grounds.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Analog_computer.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Artillery.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Astronomer.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Ballistic_Research_Laboratory.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Ballistics_Research_Laboratory.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Benchmark_(computing).
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Berkeley,_California.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink CALDIC.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Category:1904_births.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Category:1989_deaths.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_astronomers.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Category:Harvard_University_staff.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_from_Wiscasset,_Maine.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Comet.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Comet_Ikeya-Seki.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Comet_Ikeya–Seki.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Comet_Pereyra.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Comets.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Computer.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Derrick_Henry_Lehmer.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Digital_computer.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink ENIAC.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Franz_Alt.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Franz_Alt_(mathematician).
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Fred_Lawrence_Whipple.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Harvard_University.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Haskell_Curry.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Herman_Goldstine.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Human_computer.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink IBM.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink J._Presper_Eckert.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink John_Mauchly.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Leuschner_Observatory.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink 2001–3000.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink List_of_minor_planets:_6001–7000.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Maryland.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Moore_School_of_Electrical_Engineering.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Richmond,_California.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Sungrazing_comet.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink University_of_California,_Berkeley.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Pennsylvania.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink Wiscasset,_Maine.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cunningham".
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLinkText "L. E. Cunningham".
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageWikiLinkText "Leland Cunningham".
- Leland_Cunningham hasPhotoCollection Leland_Cunningham.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
- Leland_Cunningham wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Mpl.
- Leland_Cunningham subject Category:1904_births.
- Leland_Cunningham subject Category:1989_deaths.
- Leland_Cunningham subject Category:American_astronomers.
- Leland_Cunningham subject Category:Harvard_University_staff.
- Leland_Cunningham subject Category:People_from_Wiscasset,_Maine.
- Leland_Cunningham hypernym Astronomer.
- Leland_Cunningham type Person.
- Leland_Cunningham type Scientist.
- Leland_Cunningham type Scientist.
- Leland_Cunningham comment "Leland Erskin Cunningham (February 19, 1904, in Wiscasset, Maine – May 31, 1989, in Richmond, California) was an American astronomer. In a career spanning 50 years, he became an authority on orbit theory and on precise measurements of the orbits of comets, planets, satellites, and space probes.".
- Leland_Cunningham label "Leland Cunningham".
- Leland_Cunningham sameAs Leland_Cunningham.
- Leland_Cunningham sameAs Leland_Erskin_Cunningham.
- Leland_Cunningham sameAs m.0g68tx.
- Leland_Cunningham sameAs Q778621.
- Leland_Cunningham sameAs Q778621.
- Leland_Cunningham wasDerivedFrom Leland_Cunningham?oldid=671736788.
- Leland_Cunningham isPrimaryTopicOf Leland_Cunningham.