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- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine abstract "The Kirkpatrick Doctrine was the doctrine expounded by United States Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick in the early 1980s based on her 1979 essay, "Dictatorships and Double Standards". The doctrine was used to justify the U.S. foreign policy of supporting Third World anti-communist dictatorships during the Cold War.Kirkpatrick claimed that states in the Soviet bloc and other Communist states were totalitarian regimes, while pro-Western dictatorships were authoritarian ones. According to Kirkpatrick, totalitarian regimes were more stable and self-perpetuating than authoritarian regimes, and thus had a greater propensity to influence neighboring states.The Kirkpatrick Doctrine was particularly influential during the administration of President Ronald Reagan. The Reagan administration gave varying degrees of support to several militaristic anti-Communist dictatorships, including those in Guatemala (to 1985), the Philippines (to 1986), and Argentina (to 1983), and armed the mujahideen in the Soviet war in Afghanistan, UNITA during the Angolan Civil War, and the Contras during the Nicaraguan Revolution as a means of toppling governments, or crushing revolutionary movements, in those countries that did not support the aims of the USA.Kirkpatrick's tenet that totalitarian regimes are more stable than authoritarian regimes has come under criticism since the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, particularly as Kirkpatrick predicted that the Soviet system would persist for decades.According to Kirkpatrick, authoritarian regimes merely try to control and/or punish their subjects' behaviors, while totalitarian regimes moved beyond that into attempting to control the thoughts of their subjects, using not only propaganda, but brainwashing, re-education, widespread domestic espionage, and mass political repression based on state ideology. Totalitarian regimes also often attempt to undermine or destroy community institutions deemed ideologically tainted (e.g., religious ones, or even the nuclear family), while authoritarian regimes by and large leave these alone. For this reason, she argues that the process of restoring democracy is easier in formerly authoritarian than in formerly totalitarian states, and that authoritarian states are more amenable to gradual reform in a democratic direction than are totalitarian states.The doctrine, while generally applauded by conservatives, has been strongly criticized by some historians and intellectuals such as Noam Chomsky, chiefly on the grounds that it was a cloak for protecting the interests of American corporations abroad and especially in Central America. He suggests that for this reason the Reagan Administration actually worked to undermine democratic government in Nicaragua and to suppress democratic movements in El Salvador and Guatemala. Chomsky referred to Kirkpatrick as the "Chief sadist-in-residence of the Reagan Administration" and went on to sharply criticize what he called the "hypocrisy" of supporting brutal military regimes that showed no respect for human rights or democracy, while claiming to be protecting the region from communism. Chomsky has also disputed another basic tenet of the doctrine by arguing that the supposed communist regimes, such as that of the Sandinistas in Nicaragua, were actually more humane and democratic than the forces Kirkpatrick supported, such as the Contras. Ted Galen Carpenter of the Cato Institute has also disputed the doctrine, noting that while Communists movements tend to depose rival authoritarians, the traditional authoritarian regimes supported by the US came to power by overthrowing democracies. He thus concludes that while Communist regimes are more difficult to eradicate, traditional autocratic regimes "pose the more lethal threat to functioning democracies." Chomsky also criticized Kirkpatrick's assertion that authoritarian governments “create no refugees,” citing counterexamples such as Haiti and Somoza-era Nicaragua.".
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- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageOutDegree "46".
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageRevisionID "643022145".
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Angolan_Civil_War.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Anti-communism.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Argentina.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Authoritarianism.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Big_Stick_ideology.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Big_stick_Diplomacy.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Brainwashing.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Foreign_policy_doctrines_of_the_United_States.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Category:Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Cato_Institute.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Cold_War.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Collapse_of_the_Soviet_Union.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Communism.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Communist_state.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Contra_(guerrillas).
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Contras.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Dictatorship.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Dictatorships_and_Double_Standards.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Doctrine.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Eastern_Bloc.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Espionage.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Guatemala.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Ideology.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Jeane_Kirkpatrick.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Mind_control.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Mujahideen.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink National_Union_for_Total_Independence_of_Angola.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Nicaraguan_Revolution.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Noam_Chomsky.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_family.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Philippines.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Political_repression.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink President_of_the_United_States.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Propaganda.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Reagan_Administration.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Reagan_Doctrine.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Realpolitik.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Regime.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Religion.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Religious.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Ronald_Reagan.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Sandinista_National_Liberation_Front.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Sandinistas.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Soviet_war_in_Afghanistan.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Soviet–Afghan_War.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink The_Heritage_Foundation.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Third_World.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Totalitarianism.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink U.S._foreign_policy.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink UNITA.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Ambassador_to_the_United_Nations.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLink Western_world.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageWikiLinkText "Kirkpatrick Doctrine".
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine hasPhotoCollection Kirkpatrick_Doctrine.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Foreign_relations_of_the_United_States.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:More_footnotes.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine subject Category:Foreign_policy_doctrines_of_the_United_States.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine subject Category:Presidency_of_Ronald_Reagan.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine hypernym Doctrine.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine type Article.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine type MilitaryUnit.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine type Article.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine comment "The Kirkpatrick Doctrine was the doctrine expounded by United States Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick in the early 1980s based on her 1979 essay, "Dictatorships and Double Standards". The doctrine was used to justify the U.S. foreign policy of supporting Third World anti-communist dictatorships during the Cold War.Kirkpatrick claimed that states in the Soviet bloc and other Communist states were totalitarian regimes, while pro-Western dictatorships were authoritarian ones.".
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine label "Kirkpatrick Doctrine".
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Doctrina_Kirkpatrick.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Doctrina_Kirkpatrick.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Doctrine_Kirkpatrick.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Doutrina_Kirkpatrick.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Kirkpatrick-doktrína.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Doktryna_Kirkpatrick.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs m.01fpvm.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Q2835713.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine sameAs Q2835713.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine wasDerivedFrom Kirkpatrick_Doctrine?oldid=643022145.
- Kirkpatrick_Doctrine isPrimaryTopicOf Kirkpatrick_Doctrine.