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- Isolated_system abstract "In physical science, an isolated system is either (1) a thermodynamic system which is completely enclosed by walls through which can pass neither matter nor energy, though they can move around inside it; or (2) a physical system so far removed from others that it does not interact with them, though it is subject to its own gravity. Usually an isolated system is free from effects of long-range external forces such as gravity. The walls of an isolated thermodynamic system are adiabatic, rigid, and impermeable to matter.This can be contrasted with what (in the more common terminology used in thermodynamics) is called a closed system, being enclosed by selective walls through which can pass energy as heat or work, but not matter; and with an open system, which both matter and energy can enter or exit, though it may have variously impermeable walls in parts of its boundaries.An isolated system obeys the conservation law that its total energy–mass stays constant.Because of the requirement of enclosure, and the near ubiquity of gravity, strictly and ideally isolated systems do not actually occur in experiments or in nature. They are thus hypothetical concepts only.Classical thermodynamics is usually presented as postulating the existence of isolated systems. It is also usually presented as the fruit of experience. Obviously, no experience has been reported of an ideally isolated system. Classical thermodynamics is usually also presented as postulating that an isolated system can, indeed eventually always does, reach its own state of internal thermodynamic equilibrium. Obviously, such an eventual outcome is idealized and has never been observed in ideal form.It is, however, the fruit of experience that very many thermodynamic systems, including supposedly isolated ones, do seem eventually to reach their own states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium. It is held by some that this is because they were not ideally isolated, but were merely practically isolated. A practically isolated system is subject to small, unnoticeable perturbations, that would be expected to provide microscopic noise that would lead to its practical internal thermodynamic equilibrium. This would account for why classical thermodynamics is often presented with the existence of states of internal thermodynamic equilibrium regarded as axiomatic. In the attempt to justify the postulate of entropy increase in the second law of thermodynamics, Boltzmann’s H-theorem used equations which assumed a system (for example, a gas) was isolated. That is all the mechanical degrees of freedom could be specified, treating the enclosing walls simply as mirror boundary conditions. This inevitably led to Loschmidt's paradox. However, if the stochastic behavior of the molecules in actual enclosing walls is considered, along with the randomizing effect of the ambient, background thermal radiation, Boltzmann’s assumption of molecular chaos can be justified.The concept of an isolated system can serve as a useful model approximating many real-world situations. It is an acceptable idealization used in constructing mathematical models of certain natural phenomena; e.g., the planets in our solar system, and the proton and electron in a hydrogen atom are often treated as isolated systems. But from time to time, a hydrogen atom will interact with electromagnetic radiation and go to an excited state.Sometimes people speculate about "isolation" for the universe as a whole, but the meaning of such speculation is doubtful.".
- Isolated_system wikiPageID "2413037".
- Isolated_system wikiPageLength "7018".
- Isolated_system wikiPageOutDegree "40".
- Isolated_system wikiPageRevisionID "683565258".
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Absorption_(electromagnetic_radiation).
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Absorption_(optics).
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Boundary_condition.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Boundary_value_problem.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Category:Physical_systems.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Category:Thermodynamics.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Closed_system.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Conservation_law.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Conservation_law_(physics).
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Degrees_of_freedom_(physics_and_chemistry).
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Dynamical_system.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_radiation.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Entropy.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Excited_state.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Gas.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink H-theorem.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_atom.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Idealization.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Loschmidts_paradox.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Ludwig_Boltzmann.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Mathematical_model.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Max_Planck.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Mirror.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Molecular_chaos.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Open_system_(systems_theory).
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Outline_of_physical_science.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Phenomenon.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Physical_science.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Physical_system.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Planet.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Proton.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Random.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Randomness.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Roger_Balian.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Scientific_modeling.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Scientific_modelling.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Second_law_of_thermodynamics.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Solar_System.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Solar_system.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Stochastic.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermal_radiation.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLink Thermodynamic_system.
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "Isolated system".
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "closed system".
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "isolated system".
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "isolated".
- Isolated_system wikiPageWikiLinkText "same exemplars".
- Isolated_system hasPhotoCollection Isolated_system.
- Isolated_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Isolated_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:See_also.
- Isolated_system wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Systems.
- Isolated_system subject Category:Physical_systems.
- Isolated_system subject Category:Thermodynamics.
- Isolated_system type Article.
- Isolated_system type Article.
- Isolated_system type Concept.
- Isolated_system type Physic.
- Isolated_system type Thermodynamic.
- Isolated_system type Thing.
- Isolated_system comment "In physical science, an isolated system is either (1) a thermodynamic system which is completely enclosed by walls through which can pass neither matter nor energy, though they can move around inside it; or (2) a physical system so far removed from others that it does not interact with them, though it is subject to its own gravity. Usually an isolated system is free from effects of long-range external forces such as gravity.".
- Isolated_system label "Isolated system".
- Isolated_system seeAlso Thermodynamic_system.
- Isolated_system sameAs نظام_معزول.
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- Isolated_system sameAs Izolovaná_soustava.
- Isolated_system sameAs Abgeschlossenes_System.
- Isolated_system sameAs Isoleeritud_süsteem.
- Isolated_system sameAs Système_isolé.
- Isolated_system sameAs विलगित_तंत्र.
- Isolated_system sameAs Sistèm_izole.
- Isolated_system sameAs Sistema_isolato.
- Isolated_system sameAs Оқшауланған_жүйе.
- Isolated_system sameAs 고립계.
- Isolated_system sameAs Geïsoleerd_systeem.
- Isolated_system sameAs Isolert_system.
- Isolated_system sameAs Układ_termodynamicznie_izolowany.
- Isolated_system sameAs Sistema_isolado_(física).
- Isolated_system sameAs m.07bbc3.
- Isolated_system sameAs Изолированная_система.
- Isolated_system sameAs Izolovaná_sústava.
- Isolated_system sameAs Toplotno_izolirani_sistem.
- Isolated_system sameAs Изоловани_систем.
- Isolated_system sameAs Ізольована_термодинамічна_система.
- Isolated_system sameAs Hệ_vật_lý_kín.
- Isolated_system sameAs Q320388.
- Isolated_system sameAs Q320388.
- Isolated_system sameAs 孤立系統.
- Isolated_system wasDerivedFrom Isolated_system?oldid=683565258.
- Isolated_system isPrimaryTopicOf Isolated_system.