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- Insect_adhesion abstract "Arthropods make use of smooth adhesive pads as well as hairy pads for climbing and locomotion along non-horizontal surfaces. Both types of pads in insects make use of liquid secretions and are considered 'wet'. Dry adhesive mechanisms primarily rely on van der Waals’ forces and are used by organisms other than insects. The fluid provides capillary and viscous adhesion and appears to be present in all insect adhesive pads. Little is known about the chemical properties of the adhesive fluids and the ultrastructure of the fluid producing cells is currently not extensively studied. Additionally, both hairy and smooth types of adhesion have evolved separately numerous times in insects. Few comparative studies between the two types of adhesion mechanisms have been done and there is a lack of information regarding the forces that can be supported by these systems in insects. Additionally, tree frogs and some mammals such as the arboreal possum and bats also make use of smooth adhesive pads. The use of adhesive pads for locomotion across non-horizontal surfaces is a trait that evolved separately in different species, making it an example of convergent evolution. The power of adhesion allows these organisms to be able to climb on almost any substance. The exact mechanisms of arthropod adhesion are still unknown for some species but this topic is of great importance to biologists, physicists and engineers. These highly specialized structures are not restricted to one particular area of the leg. They may be located on different parts, such as claws, derivatives of the pretarsus, tarsal apex, tarsomeres or tibia. From the scaling analysis, it has been suggested that animal lineages relying on the dry adhesion, such as lizards and spiders have a higher density of terminal contact elements compared to systems that use wet adhesive mechanisms such as insects. Since these effects are based on fundamental physical principles and highly related to the shape of the structure, they are also the same for artificial surfaces with similar geometry. Adhesion and friction forces per-unit-pad area were very similar in smooth and hairy systems when tested. Strong adhesion may be beneficial in many situations but it also can create difficulties in locomotion. Direction-dependence is an important and fundamental property of adhesive structures that are able to rapidly and controllably adhere during locomotion. Researchers are unsure whether direction-dependence is achieved through changes in contact area or through a change in shear stress. Friction and adhesion forces in most animal attachment organs are higher when they are pulled towards the body than when they push away from it. This has been observed in geckos and spiders but also in the smooth adhesive pads of ants, bush-crickets and cockroaches. Adhesive hairs of geckos are non-symmetrical and feature distally pointing setae and spatulae that are able to generate increased friction and adhesion when aligned with a proximal pull. The adhesive hairs of some beetles behave similarly to those of geckos. While directional-dependence is present in other animals, it has yet to be confirmed in insects with hairy adhesive pads.It has been observed that a surface micro-roughness asperity size of less than five micrometres can strongly reduce insect attachment and climbing ability and this adhesion reducing effect has been put to use in a variety of plant species that create wax crystals.Adhesive chemical secretions are also used for predation defence, mating, holding substrates, anchor eggs, building retreats, prey capture and self-grooming.".
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageID "46344435".
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageLength "24692".
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageOutDegree "50".
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageRevisionID "665286860".
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Anchor.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Animal.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Animal_locomotion.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Arthropod.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Arthropods.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Bat.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Bats.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Beetle.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Beetles.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Biologist.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Biologists.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Carbohydrate.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Carbohydrates.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Adhesives.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Category:Insect_anatomy.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Cell_(biology).
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Cells.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Chemical.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_substance.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Climbing.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Contamination.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Convergent_evolution.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Coulomb.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Density.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Dipteran.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Egg.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Eggs.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Engineer.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Engineers.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Epidermal.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Epidermis.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Fluid.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Fly.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Foot.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Gland.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Glands.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Hair.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Hairy.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Hexagon.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Hexagonal.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Insect.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Insects.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Irritation.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Leg.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Lipid.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Lizard.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Lizards.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Mammal.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Mammals.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Microbial.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Microorganism.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Molecular.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Organ_(anatomy).
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Organism.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Organisms.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Parasites.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Parasitism.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Phylogenetic.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Phylogenetics.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Physicist.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Physicists.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Predation.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Predator.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Protein.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Secretion.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Secretions.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Spider.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Spiders.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Toxic.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Toxicity.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Van_der_Waals_force.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Van_der_Waals_forces.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Volume.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Water.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLink Wikt:dry.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageWikiLinkText "Insect adhesion".
- Insect_adhesion hasPhotoCollection Insect_adhesion.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Insect_adhesion wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Underlinked.
- Insect_adhesion subject Category:Adhesives.
- Insect_adhesion subject Category:Insect_anatomy.
- Insect_adhesion comment "Arthropods make use of smooth adhesive pads as well as hairy pads for climbing and locomotion along non-horizontal surfaces. Both types of pads in insects make use of liquid secretions and are considered 'wet'. Dry adhesive mechanisms primarily rely on van der Waals’ forces and are used by organisms other than insects. The fluid provides capillary and viscous adhesion and appears to be present in all insect adhesive pads.".
- Insect_adhesion label "Insect adhesion".
- Insect_adhesion sameAs m.0131_2vz.
- Insect_adhesion wasDerivedFrom Insect_adhesion?oldid=665286860.
- Insect_adhesion isPrimaryTopicOf Insect_adhesion.