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- Inclusive_fitness abstract "In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account. Hamilton's theory, alongside reciprocal altruism, is considered one of the two primary mechanisms for the evolution of social behaviors in natural species.From the gene's point of view, evolutionary success ultimately depends on leaving behind the maximum number of copies of itself in the population. Until 1964, it was generally believed that genes only achieved this by causing the individual to leave the maximum number of viable direct offspring. However, in 1964 W. D. Hamilton showed mathematically that, because other members of a population may share identical genes, a gene can also increase its evolutionary success by indirectly promoting the reproduction and survival of such individuals. The most obvious category of such individuals is close genetic relatives, and where these are concerned, the application of inclusive fitness theory is often more straightforwardly treated via the narrower kin selection theory.Belding's ground squirrel provides an example. The ground squirrel gives an alarm call to warn its local group of the presence of a predator. By emitting the alarm, it gives its own location away, putting itself in more danger. In the process, however, the squirrel may protect its relatives within the local group (along with the rest of the group). Therefore, if the effect of the trait influencing the alarm call typically protects the other squirrels in the immediate area, it will lead to the passing on of more of copies of the alarm call trait in the next generation than the squirrel could leave by reproducing on its own. In such a case natural selection will increase the trait that influences giving the alarm call, provided that a sufficient fraction of the shared genes include the gene(s) predisposing to the alarm call.Synalpheus regalis, a eusocial shrimp, also is an example of an organism whose social traits meet the inclusive fitness criterion. The larger defenders protect the young juveniles in the colony from outsiders. By ensuring the young's survival, the genes will continue to be passed on to future generations.Inclusive fitness is more generalized than strict kin selection, which requires that the shared genes are identical by descent. Inclusive fitness is not limited to cases where "kin" ('close genetic relatives') are involved.".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageID "678078".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageLength "25972".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageOutDegree "30".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageRevisionID "679946544".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Ad_hoc.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Altruism.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Beldings_ground_squirrel.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Category:Evolutionary_biology.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Criticism_of_evolutionary_psychology.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Crocodile.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Eusocial.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Eusociality.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Evolutionary_biology.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Evolutionary_psychology.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Gene-centered_view_of_evolution.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Green-beard_effect.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Hamiltonian_spite.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Identical_by_descent.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Identity_by_descent.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Kin_selection.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Martin_Nowak.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Natural_selection.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Population.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink K_selection_theory.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Reciprocal_altruism.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Reproductive_success.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Robin_Fox.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Shrimp.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Social_Bonding_and_Nurture_Kinship.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Social_bonding_and_nurture_kinship.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Sociobiology.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Synalpheus_regalis.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Tangle_web_spider.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink Theridiidae.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink W.D._Hamilton.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLink W._D._Hamilton.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLinkText "''inclusive fitness theory''".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLinkText "Inclusive Fitness".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLinkText "Inclusive fitness".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLinkText "Inclusive_fitness#Inclusive_fitness_and_altruism".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLinkText "a model".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLinkText "inclusive fitness".
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageWikiLinkText "inclusive-fitness".
- Inclusive_fitness hasPhotoCollection Inclusive_fitness.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Evolutionary_biology.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Quote.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Section_OR.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:See_also.
- Inclusive_fitness wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Who.
- Inclusive_fitness subject Category:Evolutionary_biology.
- Inclusive_fitness hypernym Model.
- Inclusive_fitness type Article.
- Inclusive_fitness type Person.
- Inclusive_fitness type Article.
- Inclusive_fitness type Thing.
- Inclusive_fitness comment "In evolutionary biology inclusive fitness theory is a model for the evolution of social behaviors (traits), first set forward by W. D. Hamilton in 1963 and 1964. Instead of a trait's frequency increase being thought of only via its average effects on an organism's direct reproduction, Hamilton argued that its average effects on indirect reproduction, via identical copies of the trait in other individuals, also need to be taken into account.".
- Inclusive_fitness label "Inclusive fitness".
- Inclusive_fitness seeAlso Kin_recognition.
- Inclusive_fitness sameAs Valeur_sélective_inclusive.
- Inclusive_fitness sameAs m.0325mt.
- Inclusive_fitness sameAs Inkluderande_fitness.
- Inclusive_fitness sameAs Q1005215.
- Inclusive_fitness sameAs Q1005215.
- Inclusive_fitness sameAs 整體適應度.
- Inclusive_fitness wasDerivedFrom Inclusive_fitness?oldid=679946544.
- Inclusive_fitness isPrimaryTopicOf Inclusive_fitness.