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- ISAM abstract "For ISAM Summer Music Academy, see ISAM OchsenhausenISAM stands for Indexed Sequential Access Method, a method for indexing data for fast retrieval. ISAM was originally developed by IBM for mainframe computers. Today the term is used for several related concepts: Specifically, the IBM ISAM product and the algorithm it employs. A database system where an application developer directly uses an application programming interface to search indexes in order to locate records in data files. In contrast, a relational database uses a query optimizer which automatically selects indexes. An indexing algorithm that allows both sequential and keyed access to data. Most databases use some variation of the B-Tree for this purpose, although the original IBM ISAM and VSAM implementations did not do so. Most generally, any index for a database. Indexes are used by almost all databases, both relational and otherwise.In an ISAM system, data is organized into records which are composed of fixed length fields. Records are stored sequentially, originally to speed access on a tape system. A secondary set of hash tables known as indexes contain "pointers" into the tables, allowing individual records to be retrieved without having to search the entire data set. This is a departure from the contemporaneous navigational databases, in which the pointers to other data were stored inside the records themselves. The key improvement in ISAM is that the indexes are small and can be searched quickly, thereby allowing the database to access only the records it needs. Additionally modifications to the data do not require changes to other data, only the table and indexes in question.When an ISAM file is created, index nodes are fixed, and their pointers do not change during inserts and deletes that occur later (only content of leaf nodes change afterwards). As a consequence of this, if inserts to some leaf node exceed the node's capacity, new records are stored in overflow chains. If there are many more inserts than deletions from a table, these overflow chains can gradually become very large, and this affects the time required for retrieval of a record.Relational databases can easily be built on an ISAM framework with the addition of logic to maintain the validity of the links between the tables. Typically the field being used as the link, the foreign key, will be indexed for quick lookup. While this is slower than simply storing the pointer to the related data directly in the records, it also means that changes to the physical layout of the data do not require any updating of the pointers—the entry will still be valid.ISAM is very simple to understand and implement, as it primarily consists of direct, sequential access to a database file. It is also very inexpensive. The tradeoff is that each client machine must manage its own connection to each file it accesses. This, in turn, leads to the possibility of conflicting inserts into those files, leading to an inconsistent database state. This is typically solved with the addition of a client-server framework which marshals client requests and maintains ordering. This is the basic concept behind a database management system (DBMS), which is a client layer over the underlying data store.ISAM was replaced at IBM with a methodology called VSAM (Virtual Storage Access Method). Still later, IBM developed DB2 which, as of 2004, IBM promotes as their primary database management system. VSAM is the physical access method used in DB2.The OpenVMS operating system uses the Files-11 file system in conjunction with RMS (Record Management Services). RMS provides an additional layer between the application and the files on disk that provides a consistent method of data organization and access across multiple 3GL and 4GL languages. RMS provides 4 different methods of accessing data; Sequential, Relative Record Number Access, Record File Address Access, and Indexed Access.The Indexed Access method of reading or writing data only provides the desired outcome if in fact the file is organized as an ISAM file with the appropriate, previously defined keys. Access to data via the previously defined key(s) is extremely fast. Multiple keys, overlapping keys and key compression within the hash tables are supported. A utility to define/redefine keys in existing files is provided. Records can be deleted, although "garbage collection" is done via a separate utility.".
- ISAM wikiPageID "252763".
- ISAM wikiPageLength "6884".
- ISAM wikiPageOutDegree "51".
- ISAM wikiPageRevisionID "683415327".
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Advantage_Database_Server.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Algorithm.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Application_programming_interface.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink B-Tree.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink B-tree.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Basic_Indexed_Sequential_Access_Method.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Berkeley_DB.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Btrieve.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink C-tree.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink C-treeACE.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Category:Computer_file_formats.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Category:Computer_file_systems.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Client-server.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Client–server_model.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Clipper_(programming_language).
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink DBase.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink DataFlex.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Database.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Database_index.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Database_management_system.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Dataflex.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Digital_Equipment_Corporation.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Enscribe.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Extensible_Storage_Engine.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Files-11.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Flat_file.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Flat_file_database.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Foreign_key.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink FoxPro.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Foxpro.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Hash_table.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Hierarchical_Indexed_Sequential_Access_Method.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink IBM.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink IBM_DB2.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink IBM_Informix_C-ISAM.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink ISAM.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink ISAM_Ochsenhausen.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Index_(database).
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Mainframe_computer.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Microsoft_Access.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink MyISAM.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink MySQL.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Navigational_database.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink OpenVMS.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Paradox_(database).
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Query_optimization.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Query_optimizer.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Queued_Indexed_Sequential_Access_Method.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Raima.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Record_Management_Services.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Relational_database.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Relational_database_management_system.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Sequential_Access_Memory.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Sequential_access_memory.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Superbase_(database).
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Superbase_database.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink VSAM.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Virtual_Storage_Access_Method.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLink Virtual_storage_access_method.
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLinkText "ISAM".
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLinkText "ISAM#BISAM".
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLinkText "ISAM#HISAM".
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLinkText "ISAM#QISAM".
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLinkText "Indexed Sequential Access Method (ISAM)".
- ISAM wikiPageWikiLinkText "index sequential data files".
- ISAM date "January 2014".
- ISAM hasPhotoCollection ISAM.
- ISAM talk "Anchor".
- ISAM wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:For.
- ISAM wikiPageUsesTemplate O_access_methods.
- ISAM wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Redir.
- ISAM wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove_section.
- ISAM wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- ISAM subject Category:Computer_file_formats.
- ISAM subject Category:Computer_file_systems.
- ISAM comment "For ISAM Summer Music Academy, see ISAM OchsenhausenISAM stands for Indexed Sequential Access Method, a method for indexing data for fast retrieval. ISAM was originally developed by IBM for mainframe computers. Today the term is used for several related concepts: Specifically, the IBM ISAM product and the algorithm it employs. A database system where an application developer directly uses an application programming interface to search indexes in order to locate records in data files.".
- ISAM label "ISAM".
- ISAM sameAs ISAM.
- ISAM sameAs ISAM.
- ISAM sameAs Indexed_Sequential_Access_Method.
- ISAM sameAs Index_Sequential_Access_Method.
- ISAM sameAs ISAM.
- ISAM sameAs Organisation_séquentielle_indexée.
- ISAM sameAs ISAM.
- ISAM sameAs Indexed_Sequential_Access_Method.
- ISAM sameAs 색인_순차_접근_방식.
- ISAM sameAs ISAM.
- ISAM sameAs m.01lhhk.
- ISAM sameAs ISAM.
- ISAM sameAs Q1154755.
- ISAM sameAs Q1154755.
- ISAM sameAs ISAM.
- ISAM wasDerivedFrom ISAM?oldid=683415327.
- ISAM isPrimaryTopicOf ISAM.