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- Hypervelocity abstract "Hypervelocity is very high velocity, approximately over 3,000 meters per second (6,700 mph, 11,000 km/h, 10,000 ft/s, or Mach 8.8). In particular, hypervelocity is velocity so high that the strength of materials upon impact is very small compared to inertial stresses. Thus, even metals behave like fluids under hypervelocity impact. Extreme hypervelocity results in vaporization of the impactor and target. For structural metals, hypervelocity is generally considered to be over 2,500 m/s (5,600 mph, 9,000 km/h, 8,200 ft/s, or Mach 7.3). Meteorite craters are also examples of hypervelocity impacts.Hypervelocity refers to velocities in the range from a few kilometers per second to some tens of kilometers per second. This is especially relevant in the field of space exploration and military use of space, where hypervelocity impacts (e.g. by space debris or an attacking projectile) can result in anything from minor component degradation to the complete destruction of a spacecraft or missile. The impactor, as well as the surface it hits, can undergo temporary liquefaction. The impact process can generate plasma discharges, which can interfere with spacecraft electronics.Hypervelocity usually occurs during meteor showers and deep space reentries, as carried out during the Zond, Apollo and Luna programs. Given the intrinsic unpredictability of the timing and trajectories of meteors, space capsules are prime data gathering opportunities for the study of thermal protection materials at hypervelocity (in this context, hypervelocity is defined as greater than escape velocity). Given the rarity of such observation opportunities since the 1970s, the Genesis and Stardust Sample Return Capsule (SRC) reentries as well as the recent Hayabusa SRC reentry have spawned observation campaigns, most notably at NASA Ames Research Center.Hypervelocity collisions can be studied by examining the results of naturally-occurring collisions (between micrometeorites and spacecraft, or between meteorites and planetary bodies), or they may be performed in laboratories. Currently the primary tool for laboratory experiments is a light-gas gun, but some experiments have used linear motors to accelerate projectiles to hypervelocity. The properties of metals under hypervelocity have been integrated with weapons, such as explosively formed penetrator. The vaporization upon impact and liquefaction of surfaces allow metal projectiles formed under hypervelocity forces to penetrate vehicle armor better than conventional bullets.NASA studies the effects of simulated orbital debris at the White Sands Test Facility Remote Hypervelocity Test Laboratory (RHTL). Objects smaller than a softball cannot be detected on radar. This has prompted spacecraft designers to develop shields to protect spacecraft from unavoidable collisions. At RHTL, micrometeoroid and orbital debris (MMOD) impacts are simulated on spacecraft components and shields allowing designers to test threats posed by the growing orbital debris environment and evolve shield technology to stay one step ahead. At RHTL, four two-stage light-gas guns propel 0.05 mm to 22.2 mm diameter projectiles to velocities as fast as 8.5 km/s.".
- Hypervelocity thumbnail Hypervelocity_Impact_Demonstration.jpg?width=300.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageID "1968588".
- Hypervelocity wikiPageLength "5801".
- Hypervelocity wikiPageOutDegree "47".
- Hypervelocity wikiPageRevisionID "647322975".
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Ames_Research_Center.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Apollo_program.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Artillery.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Cannon.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Cannons.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Category:Physical_quantities.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Collision.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Escape_velocity.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Explosively_formed_penetrator.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink File:Hypervelocity_Impact_Demonstration.jpg.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Fluid.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Genesis_(spacecraft).
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Hayabusa.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Hypersonic.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Hypersonic_speed.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Hypervelocity_star.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Impact_(mechanics).
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Impact_crater.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Impact_force.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Inertia.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Kinetic_energy_penetrator.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Light-gas_gun.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Linear_motor.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Liquefaction.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Luna_programme.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Mach_number.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Metal.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Meteor_shower.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Meteorite.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Metre_per_second.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Micrometeoroid.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Muzzle_velocity.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink NASA.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink NASA_Ames_Research_Center.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Orbital_debris.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Plasma_(physics).
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Project_Apollo.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Projectile.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Second.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Small_arms.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Space_debris.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Space_exploration.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Spacecraft.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Stardust_(spacecraft).
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Stellar_kinematics.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Tank.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Terminal_velocity.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Army.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Vaporization.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Vaporize.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Velocity.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink White_Sands_Test_Facility.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLink Zond_program.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLinkText "Hypervelocity".
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLinkText "hypervelocity".
- Hypervelocity wikiPageWikiLinkText "velocity".
- Hypervelocity hasPhotoCollection Hypervelocity.
- Hypervelocity wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:One_source.
- Hypervelocity subject Category:Physical_quantities.
- Hypervelocity type Article.
- Hypervelocity type Article.
- Hypervelocity type Quantity.
- Hypervelocity comment "Hypervelocity is very high velocity, approximately over 3,000 meters per second (6,700 mph, 11,000 km/h, 10,000 ft/s, or Mach 8.8). In particular, hypervelocity is velocity so high that the strength of materials upon impact is very small compared to inertial stresses. Thus, even metals behave like fluids under hypervelocity impact. Extreme hypervelocity results in vaporization of the impactor and target.".
- Hypervelocity label "Hypervelocity".
- Hypervelocity sameAs Hypervitesse.
- Hypervelocity sameAs Hipervelocidade.
- Hypervelocity sameAs m.069sl5.
- Hypervelocity sameAs Q3144223.
- Hypervelocity sameAs Q3144223.
- Hypervelocity wasDerivedFrom Hypervelocity?oldid=647322975.
- Hypervelocity depiction Hypervelocity_Impact_Demonstration.jpg.
- Hypervelocity isPrimaryTopicOf Hypervelocity.