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- Hurricane_Elena abstract "Hurricane Elena was an unpredictable and damaging tropical cyclone that affected eastern and central portions of the United States Gulf Coast in late August and early September 1985. Threatening popular tourist destinations during Labor Day weekend, Elena repeatedly deviated from its forecast path, triggering evacuations of unprecedented extent. The hurricane wrought havoc to property and the environment between southwestern Florida and eastern Louisiana, though lesser effects were felt well beyond those areas. Elena developed on August 28 near Cuba, and after traveling lengthwise across the island with little impact, it entered the Gulf of Mexico and continued to strengthen. Initially projected to strike the central Gulf Coast, the hurricane unexpectedly veered toward the east on August 30, then stalled just 50 mi (80 km) west of Cedar Key, Florida. Despite predictions that Elena would continue eastward across Florida, the cyclone remained nearly stationary for about 48 hours, causing damage all along the eastern gulf with high winds and waves, before slowly moving northwest and ultimately making landfall near Biloxi, Mississippi, on September 2 as a Category 3 major hurricane. The storm quickly weakened upon moving ashore and dissipated on September 4.The hurricane's unpredictable shifts in direction created what was considered the largest peacetime evacuation in the nation's history. Evacuations occurred in sequence to follow the storm's forecast positions, and many residents and tourists along portions of the Gulf Coast were forced to leave twice in a matter of days. Preparations were generally timely and efficient, though accommodations and resources at storm shelters were stretched thin, and many refugees tried to return home against officials' orders. About 1.25 million people fled the storm in Florida alone, contributing to a region-wide total of nearly 2 million evacuees. Tropical cyclone warnings and watches were continuously issued and adjusted, and forecasters stressed the storm's destructive potential for days.Elena's slow movement off western Florida resulted in severe beach erosion and damage to coastal buildings, roads, and seawalls, especially to those of old or inadequate construction. Destruction was greatest near the shore and on islands such as Cedar Key and Dog Island, though tornadoes spawned by the hurricane swept through communities and mobile home parks well inland. The hurricane devastated the Apalachicola Bay shellfish industry, killing large quantities of oysters, destroying their reefs, and leaving thousands of workers unemployed. Farther west, Dauphin Island in Alabama endured wind gusts as high as 130 mph (210 km/h) and a significant storm surge. The island sustained some of the most significant damage inflicted by Elena, including several hundred damaged or demolished homes. The rest of the state's coast also sustained considerable damage, and the inland pecan and soybean crops were severely diminished in Alabama and Mississippi.Over 13,000 homes were damaged in Mississippi, and 200 were destroyed. Cities close to the Alabama border—including Pascagoula—experienced widespread damage to residences, schools, and businesses, and the community of Gautier was effectively isolated from the outside world. Several apparent but unconfirmed tornadoes appear to have exacerbated the damage in the Gulfport area. Wind damage extended into portions of eastern Louisiana. Overall, nine people died as a result of the hurricane: two in Texas due to drownings in rip currents, three in Florida, two in Louisiana, one in Arkansas, and one in a maritime accident in the Gulf of Mexico. Damage totaled about $1.3 billion, and power outages from the storm affected 550,000 people. In Elena's wake, President Ronald Reagan declared parts of Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida federal disaster areas, making storm victims eligible for financial aid and temporary housing. The name Elena was later retired from the cyclical list of Atlantic hurricane names because of the storm's effects.".
- Hurricane_Elena thumbnail Hurricane_Elena.jpg?width=300.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageExternalLink Hurricane_Elena_Gulf_Coast_August_29_Sep.html?id=jjBRAAAAMAAJ.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageExternalLink books?id=dMx5bkZKxioC.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageExternalLink IPS-9E724CD1-99DF-4590-8BC8-98C98BAB7CE1.pdf.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageExternalLink index.htm.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=4qNkGH5Fviw.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageExternalLink watch?v=CbGu23XW_Uk.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageID "976861".
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageLength "95773".
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageOutDegree "238".
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageRevisionID "682749837".
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink 1921_Tampa_Bay_hurricane.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink 1985_Atlantic_hurricane_season.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink 1991_Atlantic_hurricane_season.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Ageostrophy.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Alabama.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Alabama_Power.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Alligator_Point,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink American_Red_Cross.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Apalachicola,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Apalachicola_Bay.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Arkansas.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_Oceanographic_and_Meteorological_Laboratory.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_hurricane.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Atmospheric_convection.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Atmospheric_instability.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Atmospheric_pressure.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Baldwin_County,_Alabama.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Barometric_pressure.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Beach_erosion.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Beach_nourishment.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Belleair_Shore,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Biloxi,_Mississippi.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Bob_Graham.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Bob_Sheets.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Bogalusa,_Louisiana.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Buccaneer_State_Park.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Bulkhead_(barrier).
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink CLECO.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Caladesi_Island_State_Park.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Cape_Canaveral,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Cape_San_Blas.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:1985_Atlantic_hurricane_season.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:1985_natural_disasters_in_the_United_States.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:Category_3_Atlantic_hurricanes.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:Hurricanes_in_Alabama.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:Hurricanes_in_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:Hurricanes_in_Louisiana.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:Hurricanes_in_Mississippi.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Category:Retired_Atlantic_hurricanes.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Cedar_Key,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Chandeleur_Islands.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Chevron_Corporation.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Chevron_USA.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Citrus_County,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Clearwater,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Clearwater_Beach.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Clinton,_Arkansas.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Coastal_erosion.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Convection_(meteorology).
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Coordinated_Universal_Time.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Cross_City,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Cuba.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Dauphin_Island.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Dauphin_Island,_Alabama.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Daytona_Beach,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Deep_foundation.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Dog_Island_(Florida).
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Escambia_County,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Exxon.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink ExxonMobil.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Eye_(cyclone).
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Farmers_Home_Administration.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Fire_captain.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Florida_Department_of_Transportation.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Florida_Keys.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Florida_Panhandle.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Florida_State_Road_24.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Franklin_County,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Franklinton,_Louisiana.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Frequency.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gandy_Bridge.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gautier,_Mississippi.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Georgia_(U.S._state).
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Isle,_Louisiana.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_Coast_of_the_United_States.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_County,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_Islands_National_Seashore.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_Shores,_Alabama.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gulf_of_Mexico.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Gulfport,_Mississippi.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Hancock_County,_Mississippi.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Harrison_County,_Mississippi.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Havana.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Hernando_County,_Florida.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink High-pressure_area.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink High_pressure_system.
- Hurricane_Elena wikiPageWikiLink Hispaniola.