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- History_of_yellow_fever abstract "The evolutionary origins of yellow fever most likely lie in Africa.Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the virus originated from East or Central Africa, with transmission between primates and humans, and spread from there to West Africa. The virus as well as the vector Aedes aegypti, a mosquito species, were probably brought to the western hemisphere and the Americas by slave trade ships from Africa after the first European exploration in 1492.The first outbreaks of disease that were probably yellow fever occurred in the windward islands of the Caribbean on Barbados in 1647 and Guadalupe in 1648. Barbados had undergone an ecological transformation with the introduction of sugar cultivation by the Dutch. Plentiful forest present in the 1640s were completely gone by the 1660s. By the early 18th century, the same transformation related to sugar cultivation had occurred on the larger islands of Jamaica, Hispaniola and Cuba. Spanish colonists recorded an outbreak in 1648 on the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico that may have been yellow fever. The illness was called xekik (black vomit) by the Maya. At least 25 major outbreaks followed in North America, such as in Philadelphia 1793, where several thousand people died, more than nine percent of the total population. The American government, including George Washington, had to flee the city, which was the temporary capital for a decade. In 1878, about 20,000 people died in an epidemic in towns of the Mississippi River Valley and its tributaries. The last major outbreak in the US occurred in 1905 in New Orleans. Major outbreaks also occurred in Europe in the nineteenth century in Atlantic ports following the arrival of sailing vessels from the Caribbean, most often from Havana. Outbreaks occurred in Barcelona in 1803, 1821, and 1870. In the last outbreak, 1,235 fatalities were recorded of an estimated 12,000 cases. Smaller outbreaks occurred in Saint-Nazaire in France, Swansea in Wales, and in other European port cities following the arrival of vessels carrying the mosquito vector.The first mention of the disease by the name "yellow fever" occurred in 1744.".
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- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_Ocean.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Barthelemy_Lafon.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Benjamin_Henry_Latrobe.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Bette_Davis.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_medicine.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Category:Yellow_fever.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Charles_Griffin.
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- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Haiti.
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- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Hampton_Roads.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Philadelphia.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink History_of_slavery.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Howard_Association.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink James_Gallier,_Jr..
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Jezebel_(film).
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink John_Bell_Hood.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Louisiana_(New_Spain).
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Louisiana_Purchase.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Malaria.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Manuel_Gayoso_de_Lemos.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Margaret_Lea_Houston.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Maya_peoples.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Memphis.
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- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Mexico.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Napoleon.
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- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Norfolk,_Virginia.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Panama_Canal.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Portsmouth,_Virginia.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Quarantine.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Saint-Domingue.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Saint-Nazaire.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Saint_Domingue.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Slave_trade.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink St._Louis.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Territory_of_Orleans.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Texas.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Union_(American_Civil_War).
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Vicksburg,_Mississippi.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Virginia.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Voyages_of_Christopher_Columbus.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink William_C._C._Claiborne.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Yellow_fever.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Young_Marshall_Moody.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink Yucatan.
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- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLink File:Affinerie_des_sucres_(1).JPG.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLinkText "History of yellow fever".
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLinkText "Yellow Fever".
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLinkText "epidemic".
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageWikiLinkText "yellow fever outbreaks".
- History_of_yellow_fever hasPhotoCollection History_of_yellow_fever.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Mainarticle.
- History_of_yellow_fever wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- History_of_yellow_fever subject Category:History_of_medicine.
- History_of_yellow_fever subject Category:Yellow_fever.
- History_of_yellow_fever type Field.
- History_of_yellow_fever comment "The evolutionary origins of yellow fever most likely lie in Africa.Phylogenetic analyses indicate that the virus originated from East or Central Africa, with transmission between primates and humans, and spread from there to West Africa.".
- History_of_yellow_fever label "History of yellow fever".
- History_of_yellow_fever sameAs Q5871096.
- History_of_yellow_fever sameAs Q5871096.
- History_of_yellow_fever wasDerivedFrom History_of_yellow_fever?oldid=680984561.
- History_of_yellow_fever depiction Affinerie_des_sucres_(1).JPG.
- History_of_yellow_fever isPrimaryTopicOf History_of_yellow_fever.