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- Heterotic_string_theory abstract "In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two kinds of heterotic string, the heterotic SO(32) and the heterotic E8 × E8, abbreviated to HO and HE. Heterotic string theory was first developed in 1985 by David Gross, Jeffrey Harvey, Emil Martinec, and Ryan Rohm (the so-called "Princeton String Quartet"), in one of the key papers that fueled the first superstring revolution.In string theory, the left-moving and the right-moving excitations are completely decoupled, and it is possible to construct a string theory whose left-moving (counter-clockwise) excitations are treated as a bosonic string propagating in D = 26 dimensions, while the right-moving (clock-wise) excitations are treated as a superstring in D = 10 dimensions.The mismatched 16 dimensions must be compactified on an even, self-dual lattice (a discrete subgroup of a linear space). There are two possible even self-dual lattices in 16 dimensions, and it leads to two types of the heterotic string. They differ by the gauge group in 10 dimensions. One gauge group is SO(32) (the HO string) while the other is E8 × E8 (the HE string).These two gauge groups also turned out to be the only two anomaly-free gauge groups that can be coupled to the N = 1 supergravity in 10 dimensions other than U(1)496 and E8 × U(1)248, which is suspected to lie in the swampland.Every heterotic string must be a closed string, not an open string; it is not possible to define any boundary conditions that would relate the left-moving and the right-moving excitations because they have a different character.A heterotic string is embedded in the membrane that creates harmonics on the string which translate into mass and energy through mechanisms discussed above.".
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageID "644870".
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageLength "3359".
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageOutDegree "27".
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageRevisionID "640076972".
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Anomaly_(physics).
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Bosonic_string.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Bosonic_string_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Boundary_conditions.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Boundary_value_problem.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Category:String_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Closed_string.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink David_Gross.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Discrete_group.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Discrete_subgroup.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink E8_(mathematics).
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Emil_Martinec.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink First_superstring_revolution.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Gauge_group.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Gauge_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink History_of_string_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Jeffrey_A._Harvey.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink M-theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Open_string_(physics).
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Orthogonal_group.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Ryan_Rohm.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink S-duality.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Self-dual_lattice.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Special_orthogonal_group.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink String_(physics).
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink String_duality.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink String_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Supergravity.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Superstring.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Superstring_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Swampland_(physics).
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink T-duality.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Type_I_string_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLink Unimodular_lattice.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLinkText "Heterotic string theory".
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLinkText "heterotic string theories".
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageWikiLinkText "heterotic string theory".
- Heterotic_string_theory hasPhotoCollection Heterotic_string_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:About.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Clarify.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Heterotic_string_theory wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:String_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory subject Category:String_theory.
- Heterotic_string_theory hypernym String.
- Heterotic_string_theory type Island.
- Heterotic_string_theory type Thing.
- Heterotic_string_theory comment "In string theory, a heterotic string is a closed string (or loop) which is a hybrid ('heterotic') of a superstring and a bosonic string. There are two kinds of heterotic string, the heterotic SO(32) and the heterotic E8 × E8, abbreviated to HO and HE.".
- Heterotic_string_theory label "Heterotic string theory".
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Гетэратычная_струна.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Teorías_de_cuerdas_heteróticas.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Théorie_des_cordes_hétérotique.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Stringa_eterotica.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs ヘテロティック弦理論.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs 잡종_끈_이론.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Teoria_das_cordas_heteróticas.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs m.02_1wb.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Гетеротическая_струна.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Q1140761.
- Heterotic_string_theory sameAs Q1140761.
- Heterotic_string_theory wasDerivedFrom Heterotic_string_theory?oldid=640076972.
- Heterotic_string_theory isPrimaryTopicOf Heterotic_string_theory.