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- Hawara abstract "Hawara is an archaeological site of Ancient Egypt, south of the site of Crocodilopolis ('Arsinoe', also known as 'Medinet al-Faiyum') at the entrance to the depression of the Fayyum oasis. The first excavations at the site were made by Karl Lepsius, in 1843. William Flinders Petrie excavated at Hawara, in 1888, finding papyri of the 1st and 2nd centuries CE, and, north of the pyramid, a vast necropolis where he found 146 portraits on coffins dating to the Roman period, famous as being among the very few surviving examples of painted portraits from Classical Antiquity, the "Fayoum portraits" illustrated in Roman history textbooks.Amenemhet III was the last powerful ruler of the 12th Dynasty, and the pyramid he built at Hawara (illustration, right) is believed to post-date the so-called "Black Pyramid" built by the same ruler at Dahshur. It is this that is believed to have been Amenemhet's final resting place. At Hawara there was also the intact (pyramid) tomb of Neferu-Ptah, daughter of Amenemhet III. This tomb was found about 2 km South of the king's pyramid.In common with the Middle Kingdom pyramids constructed after Amenemhet II, it was built of mudbrick round a core of limestone passages and burial chambers, and faced with limestone. Most of the facing stone was later pillaged for use in other buildings— a fate common to almost all of Egypt's pyramids— and today the pyramid is little more than an eroded, vaguely pyramidal mountain of mud brick, and of the once magnificent mortuary temple precinct formerly enclosed by a wall there is little left beyond the foundation bed of compacted sand and chips and shards of limestone.From the pyramid entrance a sloping passageway with steps runs down to a small room and a further short horizontal passage. In the roof of this horizontal passage there was a concealed sliding trapdoor weighing 20 tons. If this was found and opened a robber would find himself confronted by an empty passage at a right angle to the passage below, closed by wooden doors, or by a passage parallel to the passage below, carefully filled with mud and stone blocking. He would assume that the blocking concealed the entrance and waste time removing it (thereby increasing the likelihood of detection by the pyramid guardians).In fact there was a second 20-ton trapdoor in the roof of the empty passage, giving onto a second empty passage, also at a right angle to the first. This too had a 20-ton trapdoor giving onto a passage at a right angle to its predecessor (thus the interior of the pyramid was circled by these passages). However this passage ended in a large area of mud and stone blocking that presumably concealed the burial chamber.This, however, was a blind and merely filled a wide but shallow alcove. Two blind shafts in the floor, carefully filled with cut stone blocks, further wasted the robbers' time, for the real entrance to the burial chamber was even more carefully concealed and lay between the blind shafts and opposite the alcove.Despite these elaborate protective measures, Petrie found that none of the trapdoors had been slid into place and the wooden doors were open. Whether this indicated negligence on the part of the burial party, an intention to return and place further burials in the pyramid (when found there were two sarcophagii in the quartzite monolith described below and room for at least two more), or a deliberate action to facilitate robbery of the tomb, we cannot know.The burial chamber was made out of a single quartzite monolith which was lowered into a larger chamber lined with limestone. This monolithic slab weighed an estimated 110 tons according to Petrie. A course of brick was placed on the chamber to raise the ceiling then the chamber was covered with 3 quartzite slabs (estimated weight 45 tons each). Above the burial chamber were 2 relieving chambers. This was topped with 50 ton limestone slabs forming a pointed roof. Then an enormous arch of brick 3 feet thick was built over the pointed roof to support the core of the pyramid.The entrance to the pyramid is today flooded to a depth of 6 metres as a result of the waters from the Bahr el-Yusuf (Joseph's Canal) canal, which flows around two sides of the site and passes within 30m of the pyramid.The huge mortuary temple that originally stood adjacent to this pyramid is believed to have formed the basis of the complex of buildings with galleries and courtyards called a "labyrinth" by Herodotus (see quote at Labyrinth), and mentioned by Strabo and Diodorus Siculus. (There is no historicity to the assertion of Diodorus Siculus that this was the model for the labyrinth of Crete that Greeks imagined housed the Minotaur,) The demolition of the "labyrinth" may date in part to the reign of Ptolemy II, under whom the Pharaonic city of Shedyt (Greek Crocodilopolis, the modern Medinet el-Fayum) was renamed to honour his sister-wife Arsinoë; a massive Ptolemaic building program at Arsinoe has been suggested as the ultimate destination of Middle Kingdom limestone columns and blocks removed from Hawara, and now lost.Queen Sobekneferu of the Twelfth dynasty also built at the complex. Her name meant "most beautiful of Sobek", the sacred crocodile.Among the discoveries made by Flinders Petrie were papyrus manuscripts, including a great papyrus scroll which contains parts of books 1 and 2 of the Iliad (the "Hawara Homer" of the Bodleian Library, Oxford).".
- Hawara thumbnail Mapa_dos_Assentamento_de_Faium.gif?width=300.
- Hawara wikiPageExternalLink Hawara.html.
- Hawara wikiPageExternalLink labyrinthofegypt.com.
- Hawara wikiPageExternalLink hawara.
- Hawara wikiPageExternalLink hawara.
- Hawara wikiPageExternalLink hawara.
- Hawara wikiPageID "2755671".
- Hawara wikiPageLength "7432".
- Hawara wikiPageOutDegree "42".
- Hawara wikiPageRevisionID "652899734".
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Al_Fayyum.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Amenemhat_II.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Amenemhat_III.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Amenemhet_II.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Amenemhet_III.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Egypt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Arsinoe_II.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Arsinoe_II_of_Egypt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Bodleian_Library.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ancient_Egyptian_pyramids.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Egypt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Category:Former_populated_places_in_Egypt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Classical_Antiquity.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Classical_antiquity.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Crete.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Crocodilopolis.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Dahshur.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Diodorus_Siculus.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Faiyum.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Fayum_mummy_portraits.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Flinders_Petrie.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Herodotus.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Iliad.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Karl_Richard_Lepsius.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Labyrinth.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Egyptian_pyramids.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink List_of_largest_monoliths_in_the_world.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink List_of_megalithic_sites.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Minotaur.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Mudbrick.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Necropolis.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Neferu-Ptah.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Neferuptah.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Papyrus.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Ptolemy_II.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Shedyt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Sobek.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Sobekneferu.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Strabo.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink Twelfth_dynasty_of_Egypt.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink William_Flinders_Petrie.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink File:Amenemhat_III_Musee_du_Caire.jpg.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink File:Amenemhet_III_Hawara_1.jpg.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink File:Hawara_MoS_1911.210.1.JPG.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink File:Mapa_dos_Assentamento_de_Faium.gif.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLink File:Pyramid_of_amenemhet_hawarra_01.jpg.
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLinkText "Hawara pyramid".
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLinkText "Hawara".
- Hawara wikiPageWikiLinkText "Pyramid of Hawara".
- Hawara hasPhotoCollection Hawara.
- Hawara wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:About.
- Hawara wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Commonscat.
- Hawara wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Coord.
- Hawara wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Egyptian_pyramids.
- Hawara subject Category:Ancient_Egyptian_pyramids.
- Hawara subject Category:Archaeological_sites_in_Egypt.
- Hawara subject Category:Former_populated_places_in_Egypt.
- Hawara hypernym Site.
- Hawara point "29.266666666666666 30.9".
- Hawara type Place.
- Hawara type Attraction.
- Hawara type Place.
- Hawara type Site.
- Hawara type SpatialThing.
- Hawara comment "Hawara is an archaeological site of Ancient Egypt, south of the site of Crocodilopolis ('Arsinoe', also known as 'Medinet al-Faiyum') at the entrance to the depression of the Fayyum oasis. The first excavations at the site were made by Karl Lepsius, in 1843.".
- Hawara label "Hawara".
- Hawara sameAs هوارة_المقطع.
- Hawara sameAs Hawara.
- Hawara sameAs Χαουάρα.
- Hawara sameAs Hawara.
- Hawara sameAs Hawara.
- Hawara sameAs Hawara.
- Hawara sameAs Hawara.
- Hawara sameAs m.080x71.
- Hawara sameAs Hawara.
- Hawara sameAs Hawara.
- Hawara sameAs 355992.
- Hawara sameAs Q26237.
- Hawara sameAs Q26237.
- Hawara lat "29.266666666666666".
- Hawara long "30.9".
- Hawara wasDerivedFrom Hawara?oldid=652899734.
- Hawara depiction Mapa_dos_Assentamento_de_Faium.gif.
- Hawara isPrimaryTopicOf Hawara.