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- Groundwater-related_subsidence abstract "Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from groundwater extraction, and a major problem in the developing world as major metropolises swell without adequate regulation and enforcement, as well as being a common problem in the developed world. One estimate has 80% of serious land subsidence problems associated with the excessive extraction of groundwater, making it a growing problem throughout the world.Groundwater is considered to be one of the last 'free' resources, as anyone who can afford to drill, can draw up merely according to their ability to pump. However, as seen in the figure, the act of pumping draws down the free surface of the groundwater table, and can affect a large region. Thus, the extraction of groundwater becomes a tragedy of the commons, with high economic externalities.The hot desert areas of the world are requiring more and more water for growing populations and agriculture. In the San Joaquin Valley of the United States, groundwater pumping for crops has gone on for generations. This has resulted in the entire valley sinking an extraordinary amount, as shown in the figure. It has been argued that there is little consequence to subsidence in a wide, flat, agricultural basin, since the settlement is uniform. However, no large-scale change due to subsidence of the magnitude seen in the San Joaquin Valley is likely to be without some negative impact, since the hydrology of the area is now greatly changed. Other regions of the world, such as New Orleans and Bangkok, are now subject to severe flooding due to subsidence associated with groundwater removal. Total settlement, and therefore the potential impacts of the settlement, can only be determined by surveys and GPS measurements.Not all groundwater-related subsidence is benign. In Mexico City, the buildings interact with the settlement, and cause cracking, tilting, and other major damage. In many places, large sinkholes open up, as well as surface cavities. Damage from Hurricane Katrina was exacerbated due to coastal sinking, associated with groundwater withdrawal. The cause of the long-term surface changes associated with this phenomenon are fairly well known. As shown in the USGS figure, aquifers are frequently associated with compressible layers of silt or clay. As the groundwater is pumped out, the effective stress changes, precipitating consolidation, which is non-reversible. Thus, the total volume of the silts and clays is reduced, resulting in the lowering of the surface. The damage at the surface is much greater if there is differential settlement, or large-scale features, such as sinkholes.The only known method to prevent this condition is by pumping less groundwater, which is extremely difficult to enforce when many people own water wells. Attempts are being made to directly recharge aquifers but this is still a preliminary effort.".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence thumbnail Gwsurface.jpg?width=300.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageID "9591966".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageLength "4230".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageOutDegree "28".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageRevisionID "651121870".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Agriculture.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Aquifer.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Aquifers.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Bangkok.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Category:Aquifers.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Category:Environmental_issues_with_water.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Category:Soil_mechanics.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Clay.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Consolidation_(soil).
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Desert.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Drawdown_(hydrology).
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Effective_stress.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Externalities.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Externality.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink File:Gwcause.jpg.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink File:Gwcitysubsidence.jpg.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink File:Gwsurface.jpg.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink GPS.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Global_Positioning_System.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Groundwater.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Hurricane_Katrina.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink New_Orleans.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink San_Joaquin_Valley.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Silt.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Sinkhole.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Subsidence.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Surveying.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink Tragedy_of_the_commons.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink USGS.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Geological_Survey.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLink File:Gwsanjoaquin.jpg.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "Groundwater-related subsidence".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "Subsidence".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "groundwater extraction".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "groundwater".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "groundwater-related subsidence".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "land subsidence".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "settlements".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageWikiLinkText "subsidence".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence hasPhotoCollection Groundwater-related_subsidence.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence subject Category:Aquifers.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence subject Category:Environmental_issues_with_water.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence subject Category:Soil_mechanics.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence hypernym Subsidence.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence type Article.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence type Article.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence type Mechanic.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence comment "Groundwater-related subsidence is the subsidence (or the sinking) of land resulting from groundwater extraction, and a major problem in the developing world as major metropolises swell without adequate regulation and enforcement, as well as being a common problem in the developed world.".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence label "Groundwater-related subsidence".
- Groundwater-related_subsidence sameAs Grundwasserabsenkung.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence sameAs m.02pl474.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence sameAs Водозниження.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence sameAs Q1550770.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence sameAs Q1550770.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence wasDerivedFrom Groundwater-related_subsidence?oldid=651121870.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence depiction Gwsurface.jpg.
- Groundwater-related_subsidence isPrimaryTopicOf Groundwater-related_subsidence.