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- Granzyme abstract "Granzymes are serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. They induce programmed cell death in the target cell, thus eliminating cells that have become cancerous or are infected with viruses or bacteria. The granzymes also kill bacteria and inhibit viral replication. In NK cells and T cells, the granzymes are packaged in cytotoxic granules with perforin. Other locations that granzymes can be detected are in the rough endoplasmic reticulum, golgi complex, and the trans-golgi reticulum. The contents of the cytotoxic granules function to permit entry of the granzymes into the target cell cytosol. The granules are released into an immune synapse formed with a target cell, where perforin mediates the delivery of the granzymes into endosomes in the target cell, and finally into the target cell cytosol. Granzymes are identified as being part of the serine esterase family. They are closely related to other immune serine proteases expressed by innate immune cells, such as neutrophil elastase and cathepsin G.Granzyme B activates apoptosis by cleaving caspases (especially caspase-3), which cleaves many substrates, including caspase-activated DNase to execute cell death. Granzyme B also cleaves the protein Bid, which recruits the proteins Bax and Bak to change the membrane permeability of the mitochondria, causing the release of cytochrome c (which is one of the parts needed to activate caspase-9 via the apoptosome), Smac/Diablo and Omi/HtrA2 (which suppress the inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs)), among other proteins. Granzyme B also cleaves many of the proteins responsible for apoptosis in the absence of caspase activity. The other granzymes activate cell death by caspase-dependent and caspase-independent mechanisms.In addition to killing their target cells, granzymes can target and kill intracellular pathogens. Granzymes A and B induce lethal oxidative damage in bacteria by cleaving components of the electron transport chain, while granzyme B cleaves viral proteins to inhibit viral activation and replication. The granzymes bind directly to the nucleic acids DNA and RNA; this enhances their cleavage of nucleic acid binding proteins.More recently, in addition to T lymphocytes, granzymes have been shown to be expressed in other types of immune cells such as dendritic cells, B cells and mast cells. In addition, granzymes may also be expressed in non-immune cells such as keratinocytes, pneumocytes and chondrocytes. As many of these cell types either do not express perforin or do not form immunological synapses, granzyme B is released extracellularly. Extracellular granzyme B can accumulate in the extracellular space in diseases associated with dysregulated or chronic inflammation leading to the degradation of extracellular matrix proteins and impaired tissue healing and remodelling. Extracellular granzyme B has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, aneurysm, vascular leakage, chronic wound healing, and skin aging.".
- Granzyme wikiPageID "1176614".
- Granzyme wikiPageLength "13795".
- Granzyme wikiPageOutDegree "37".
- Granzyme wikiPageRevisionID "678835927".
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Apoptosis.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Apoptosome.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink BH3_interacting-domain_death_agonist.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Bcl-2-associated_X_protein.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Bcl-2_homologous_antagonist_killer.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Cancer.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Caspase.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Caspase-3.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Caspase-9.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Caspase-activated_DNase.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Caspase_3.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Category:EC_3.4.21.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Category:Immune_system.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Category:Programmed_cell_death.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Cathepsin_G.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Cytochrome_c.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Cytotoxic_T_cell.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink ELISA.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink ELISPOT.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Endosome.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Endosomes.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Flow_cytometry.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink GZMA.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink GZMH.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink GZMK.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Immune_surveillance.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Immune_system.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Immunomodulation.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Immunotherapy.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Inflammation.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Inhibitor_of_apoptosis.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Lymphoma.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Natural_killer_cell.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Neutrophil_elastase.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink P53.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Perforin.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Serine_protease.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink TGF-β.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Transforming_growth_factor_beta.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Virus.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Western_Blot.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLink Western_blot.
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLinkText "Granzyme".
- Granzyme wikiPageWikiLinkText "granzyme".
- Granzyme hasPhotoCollection Granzyme.
- Granzyme wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Fact.
- Granzyme wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Gene.
- Granzyme wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Granzyme wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Serine_endopeptidases.
- Granzyme subject Category:EC_3.4.21.
- Granzyme subject Category:Immune_system.
- Granzyme subject Category:Programmed_cell_death.
- Granzyme hypernym Proteases.
- Granzyme type Protein.
- Granzyme type Process.
- Granzyme comment "Granzymes are serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. They induce programmed cell death in the target cell, thus eliminating cells that have become cancerous or are infected with viruses or bacteria. The granzymes also kill bacteria and inhibit viral replication. In NK cells and T cells, the granzymes are packaged in cytotoxic granules with perforin.".
- Granzyme label "Granzyme".
- Granzyme sameAs غرانزيم.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzym.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme sameAs Grancima.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme sameAs m.04dn_k.
- Granzyme sameAs Granzyme.
- Granzyme sameAs Grancim.
- Granzyme sameAs Q425068.
- Granzyme sameAs Q425068.
- Granzyme wasDerivedFrom Granzyme?oldid=678835927.
- Granzyme isPrimaryTopicOf Granzyme.