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- George_Cotzias abstract "George Constantin Cotzias (June 16, 1918 in Chania, Crete – June 13, 1977 in New York City) was a Greek-American scientist who together with his coworkers developed L-Dopa treatment, currently the most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease.Cotzias was born in Chania on the island of Crete, Greece on 16 June 1918. He was son of the two-times (1934 and 1951) mayor of Athens, Costas Cotzias. He started his medical studies at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, but fled to USA with his father when German troops invaded Athens (1941). He was accepted at Harvard Medical School and two years later he graduated cum laude. He then trained as an intern in pathology at Brigham Hospital, as an intern in medicine at Massachusetts General Hospital, and was a resident in neurology at Massachusetts General Hospital. He then worked in the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research and in the Brookhaven National Laboratory.In 1957 Swedish scientist Arvid Carlsson demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor for norepinephrine, as had been previously believed. He developed a method for measuring the amount of dopamine in brain tissues and found that dopamine levels in the basal ganglia, a brain area important for movement, were particularly high. He then showed that giving animals the drug reserpine caused a decrease in dopamine levels and a loss of movement control. These effects were similar to the symptoms of Parkinson's disease. Arvid Carlsson subsequently won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000 along with co-recipients Eric Kandel and Paul Greengard.Subsequently, other physicians treated human Parkinson's patients with L-Dopa (the metabolic precursor for dopamine) and found it to alleviate some of the symptoms in the early stages of Parkinson's. Unlike dopamine, L-Dopa passes the blood brain barrier. This produced transient benefit after injection of L-dopa. However, because of the severe toxicity associated with the injection, L-Dopa was not of practical value as a treatment. At this point, George C. Cotzias (1918–1977) made the critical observation that converted the transient response into a successful, large scale treatment. By starting with very small doses of DOPA, given orally every two hours under continued observation, and gradually increasing the dose he was able to stabilize patients on large enough doses to cause a dramatic remission of their symptoms The first study reporting improvements in patients with Parkinson's disease resulting from treatment with L-dopa was published in 1968. The result was soon confirmed by other investigators and has now become the standard treatment for Parkinsonian symptoms.Dr. Cotzias is the winner of the 1969 Albert Lasker Award for Clinical Medical Research. He received honorary degrees from Catholic University, Santiago (1969); Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania (1970); St. John's University, New York (1971); and the National and Kapodistrian University, Athens (1974). Lewis Thomas called him as "one of the great figures in American medical science."Cotzias appears as a minor character in the American poet James Merrill's The Changing Light at Sandover.".
- George_Cotzias birthDate "1918".
- George_Cotzias birthPlace Chania.
- George_Cotzias birthPlace Crete.
- George_Cotzias birthPlace Greece.
- George_Cotzias birthYear "1918".
- George_Cotzias deathDate "1977".
- George_Cotzias deathYear "1977".
- George_Cotzias wikiPageExternalLink Cotzias_George.pdf.
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- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Lasker_Award_for_Clinical_Medical_Research.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Arvid_Carlsson.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Athens.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Basal_ganglia.
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- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Crete.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Dopamine.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Eric_Kandel.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Greece.
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- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink L-DOPA.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink L-Dopa.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Lasker-DeBakey_Clinical_Medical_Research_Award.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Lewis_Thomas.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink National_and_Kapodistrian_University_of_Athens.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Neurotransmitter.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink New_York_City.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Norepinephrine.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Parkinsons_disease.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Paul_Greengard.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Reserpine.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Rockefeller_Institute_for_Medical_Research.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink Rockefeller_University.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLink The_Changing_Light_at_Sandover.
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLinkText "George C. Cotzias".
- George_Cotzias wikiPageWikiLinkText "George Cotzias".
- George_Cotzias dateOfBirth "1918".
- George_Cotzias dateOfDeath "1977".
- George_Cotzias hasPhotoCollection George_Cotzias.
- George_Cotzias name "Cotzias, George".
- George_Cotzias placeOfBirth "Chania, Crete, Greece".
- George_Cotzias shortDescription "American scientist".
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- George_Cotzias description "American scientist".
- George_Cotzias description "American scientist".
- George_Cotzias subject Category:1918_births.
- George_Cotzias subject Category:1977_deaths.
- George_Cotzias subject Category:American_people_of_Greek_descent.
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- George_Cotzias comment "George Constantin Cotzias (June 16, 1918 in Chania, Crete – June 13, 1977 in New York City) was a Greek-American scientist who together with his coworkers developed L-Dopa treatment, currently the most commonly used treatment for Parkinson's disease.Cotzias was born in Chania on the island of Crete, Greece on 16 June 1918. He was son of the two-times (1934 and 1951) mayor of Athens, Costas Cotzias.".
- George_Cotzias label "George Cotzias".
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- George_Cotzias givenName "George".
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- George_Cotzias name "Cotzias, George".
- George_Cotzias name "George Cotzias".
- George_Cotzias surname "Cotzias".