Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Gauge_theory> ?p ?o }
- Gauge_theory abstract "In physics, a gauge theory is a type of field theory in which the Lagrangian is invariant under a continuous group of local transformations.The term gauge refers to redundant degrees of freedom in the Lagrangian. The transformations between possible gauges, called gauge transformations, form a Lie group—referred to as the symmetry group or the gauge group of the theory. Associated with any Lie group is the Lie algebra of group generators. For each group generator there necessarily arises a corresponding vector field called the gauge field. Gauge fields are included in the Lagrangian to ensure its invariance under the local group transformations (called gauge invariance). When such a theory is quantized, the quanta of the gauge fields are called gauge bosons. If the symmetry group is non-commutative, the gauge theory is referred to as non-abelian, the usual example being the Yang–Mills theory.Many powerful theories in physics are described by Lagrangians that are invariant under some symmetry transformation groups. When they are invariant under a transformation identically performed at every point in the space in which the physical processes occur, they are said to have a global symmetry. The requirement of local symmetry, the cornerstone of gauge theories, is a stricter constraint. In fact, a global symmetry is just a local symmetry whose group's parameters are fixed in space-time.Gauge theories are important as the successful field theories explaining the dynamics of elementary particles. Quantum electrodynamics is an abelian gauge theory with the symmetry group U(1) and has one gauge field, the electromagnetic four-potential, with the photon being the gauge boson. The Standard Model is a non-abelian gauge theory with the symmetry group U(1)×SU(2)×SU(3) and has a total of twelve gauge bosons: the photon, three weak bosons and eight gluons.Gauge theories are also important in explaining gravitation in the theory of general relativity. Its case is somewhat unique in that the gauge field is a tensor, the Lanczos tensor. Theories of quantum gravity, beginning with gauge gravitation theory, also postulate the existence of a gauge boson known as the graviton. Gauge symmetries can be viewed as analogues of the principle of general covariance of general relativity in which the coordinate system can be chosen freely under arbitrary diffeomorphisms of spacetime. Both gauge invariance and diffeomorphism invariance reflect a redundancy in the description of the system. An alternative theory of gravitation, gauge theory gravity, replaces the principle of general covariance with a true gauge principle with new gauge fields.Historically, these ideas were first stated in the context of classical electromagnetism and later in general relativity. However, the modern importance of gauge symmetries appeared first in the relativistic quantum mechanics of electrons – quantum electrodynamics, elaborated on below. Today, gauge theories are useful in condensed matter, nuclear and high energy physics among other subfields.".
- Gauge_theory wikiPageExternalLink 955.pdf.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageExternalLink Yang-Mills.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageExternalLink Gauge_theories.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink 1964_PRL_symmetry_breaking_papers.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Abdus_Salam.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Abelian_group.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Action_(physics).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Action_integral.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Affine_representation.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Aharonov–Bohm_effect.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Anomaly_(physics).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Anomaly_cancellation.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Ansatz.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Associated_bundle.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Associated_vector_bundle.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Asymptotic_freedom.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Atomic_nucleus.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink BF_model.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink BF_theory.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink BRST_quantization.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Born–Infeld_action.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Born–Infeld_model.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Boson.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Boundary_(topology).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Canonical_quantization.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Category:Gauge_theories.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Category:Theoretical_physics.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Chaos_(physics).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Chaos_theory.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Chen-Ning_Yang.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Chern–Simons_model.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Color_charge.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Compact_space.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Complex_number.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Condensed_matter_physics.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Conformal_anomaly.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Connection_form.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Continuous_group.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Continuum_mechanics.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Coriolis_effect.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Correlation_function.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Correlation_functions.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Coulomb_gauge.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Crystallography.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink David_Hilbert.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Degrees_of_freedom.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Degrees_of_freedom_(physics_and_chemistry).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Derivative.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Diffeomorphism.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Differentiable.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Differential_form.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Dirac_equation.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Dynamics_(mechanics).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Dynamics_(physics).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink E_(mathematical_constant).
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Edward_Witten.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Ehresmann_connection.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Einstein_field_equations.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electric_potential.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electrodynamics.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_field.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_four-potential.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetic_tensor.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electromagnetism.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electrostatics.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electroweak.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Electroweak_interaction.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Elementary_particle.
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- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Energy.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Euclidean_space.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Euclidean_vector.
- Gauge_theory wikiPageWikiLink Exotic_R4.