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• Gamma_ray_logging abstract "Gamma ray logging is a method of measuring naturally occurring gamma radiation to characterize the rock or sediment in a borehole or drill hole. It is a wireline logging method used in mining, mineral exploration, water-well drilling, for formation evaluation in oil and gas well drilling and for other related purposes. Different types of rock emit different amounts and different spectra of natural gamma radiation. In particular, shales usually emit more gamma rays than other sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone, gypsum, salt, coal, dolomite, or limestone because radioactive potassium is a common component in their clay content, and because the cation exchange capacity of clay causes them to absorb uranium and thorium. This difference in radioactivity between shales and sandstones/carbonate rocks allows the gamma tool to distinguish between shales and non-shales. The gamma ray log, like other types of well logging, is done by lowering an instrument down the drill hole and recording gamma radiation variation with depth. In the United States, the device most commonly records measurements at 1/2-foot intervals. Gamma radiation is usually recorded in API units, a measurement originated by the petroleum industry. Gamma logs are attenuated by diameter of the borehole because of the properties of the fluid filling the borehole, but because gamma logs are most often used in a qualitative way, corrections are usually not necessary. Three elements and their decay chains are responsible for the radiation emitted by rock: potassium, thorium and uranium. Shales often contain potassium as part of their clay content, and tend to absorb uranium and thorium as well. A common gamma-ray log records the total radiation and cannot distinguish between the radioactive elements, while a spectral gamma ray log (see below) can.For standard GR logs, the value measured is calculated from thorium in ppm, Uranium in ppm and potassium in percent. GR API = 8 × Uranium concentration in ppm + 4 × thorium concentration in ppm + 15 × potassium concentration in percent. Due to the weight of uranium concentration in the calculation, anomalous concentrations of uranium can cause clean sand reservoirs to appear shaley. Spectral Gamma ray is used to provide an individual reading for each element so anomalies in concentration can be found and interpreted.An advantage of the gamma log over some other types of well logs is that it works through the steel and cement walls of cased boreholes. Although concrete and steel absorb some of the gamma radiation, enough travels through the steel and cement to allow qualitative determinations. Sometimes non-shales also have elevated levels of gamma radiation. Sandstone can contain uranium mineralization, potassium feldspar, clay filling, or rock fragments that cause it to have higher-than usual gamma readings. Coal and dolomite may contain absorbed uranium. Evaporite deposits may contain potassium minerals such as carnallite. When this is the case, spectral gamma ray logging can be done to identify these anomalies.".
• Gamma_ray_logging thumbnail Gama_Ray_Log.GIF?width=300.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageID "7273383".
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageLength "5119".
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageOutDegree "39".
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageRevisionID "613255234".
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink American_Petroleum_Institute.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Borehole.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Carnallite.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Category:Petroleum_technology.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Category:Well_logging.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Cation-exchange_capacity.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Cation_exchange_capacity.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Coal.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Decay_chain.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Dolomite.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Electronvolt.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Evaporite.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Evaporites.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Feldspar.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Feldspars.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink File:Gama_Ray_Log.GIF.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Formation_evaluation.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Gamma_radiation.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Gamma_ray.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Gypsum.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Halite.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Illite.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Kaolinite.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Limestone.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink MeV.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Paleosol.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Paleosols.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Potassium.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Sandstone.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Shale.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Thorium.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink United_States.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Uranium.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLink Well_logging.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLinkText "Gamma ray logging".
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLinkText "gamma radiation spike".
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLinkText "gamma ray".
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageWikiLinkText "natural gamma".
• Gamma_ray_logging hasPhotoCollection Gamma_ray_logging.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Original_research.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
• Gamma_ray_logging wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Well_logging.
• Gamma_ray_logging subject Category:Petroleum_technology.
• Gamma_ray_logging subject Category:Well_logging.
• Gamma_ray_logging hypernym Method.
• Gamma_ray_logging type Article.
• Gamma_ray_logging type Software.
• Gamma_ray_logging type Article.
• Gamma_ray_logging comment "Gamma ray logging is a method of measuring naturally occurring gamma radiation to characterize the rock or sediment in a borehole or drill hole. It is a wireline logging method used in mining, mineral exploration, water-well drilling, for formation evaluation in oil and gas well drilling and for other related purposes. Different types of rock emit different amounts and different spectra of natural gamma radiation.".
• Gamma_ray_logging label "Gamma ray logging".
• Gamma_ray_logging sameAs m.025xxkv.
• Gamma_ray_logging sameAs Đo_gamma_tự_nhiên_hố_khoan.
• Gamma_ray_logging sameAs Q5520318.
• Gamma_ray_logging sameAs Q5520318.
• Gamma_ray_logging wasDerivedFrom Gamma_ray_logging?oldid=613255234.
• Gamma_ray_logging depiction Gama_Ray_Log.GIF.
• Gamma_ray_logging isPrimaryTopicOf Gamma_ray_logging.