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- Future_of_the_Earth abstract "The biological and geological future of the Earth can be extrapolated based upon the estimated effects of several long-term influences. These include the chemistry at the Earth's surface, the rate of cooling of the planet's interior, the gravitational interactions with other objects in the Solar System, and a steady increase in the Sun's luminosity. An uncertain factor in this extrapolation is the ongoing influence of technology introduced by humans, such as climate engineering, which could cause significant changes to the planet. The current Holocene extinction is being caused by technology and the effects may last for up to five million years. In turn, technology may result in the extinction of humanity, leaving the planet to gradually return to a slower evolutionary pace resulting solely from long-term natural processes.Over time intervals of hundreds of millions of years, random celestial events pose a global risk to the biosphere, which can result in mass extinctions. These include impacts by comets or asteroids with diameters of 5–10 km (3.1–6.2 mi) or more, and the possibility of a massive stellar explosion, called a supernova, within a 100-light-year radius of the Sun, called a Near-Earth supernova. Other large-scale geological events are more predictable. If the long-term effects of global warming are disregarded, Milankovitch theory predicts that the planet will continue to undergo glacial periods at least until the quaternary glaciation comes to an end. These periods are caused by eccentricity, axial tilt, and precession of the Earth's orbit. As part of the ongoing supercontinent cycle, plate tectonics will probably result in a supercontinent in 250–350 million years. Some time in the next 1.5–4.5 billion years, the axial tilt of the Earth may begin to undergo chaotic variations, with changes in the axial tilt of up to 90°.During the next four billion years, the luminosity of the Sun will steadily increase, resulting in a rise in the solar radiation reaching the Earth. This will cause a higher rate of weathering of silicate minerals, which will cause a decrease in the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. In about 600 million years, the level of CO2 will fall below the level needed to sustain C3 carbon fixation photosynthesis used by trees. Some plants use the C4 carbon fixation method, allowing them to persist at CO2 concentrations as low as 10 parts per million. However, the long-term trend is for plant life to die off altogether. The extinction of plants will be the demise of almost all animal life, since plants are the base of the food chain on Earth.In about 1.1 billion years, the solar luminosity will be 10% higher than at present. This will cause the atmosphere to become a "moist greenhouse", resulting in a runaway evaporation of the oceans. As a likely consequence, plate tectonics will come to an end, and with them the entire carbon cycle. Following this event, the planet's magnetic dynamo may come to an end, causing the magnetosphere to decay and leading to an accelerated loss of volatiles from the outer atmosphere. Four billion years from now, the increase in the Earth's surface temperature will cause a runaway greenhouse effect. By that point, most if not all the life on the surface will be extinct. The most probable fate of the planet is absorption by the Sun in about 7.5 billion years, after the star has entered the red giant phase and expanded to cross the planet's current orbit.".
- Future_of_the_Earth thumbnail Red_Giant_Earth.jpg?width=300.
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- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageExternalLink www.scotese.com.
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- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageExternalLink supercontinents.pdf.
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- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Ablation.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Aestivation.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Africa.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Amaranthaceae.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Amasia_(continent).
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Amphibian.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Andromeda–Milky_Way_collision.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Antarctic_ice_sheet.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Antarctica.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Aphelion.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Ascending_node.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Asteroid.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_Ocean.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_ocean.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Atmosphere.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Australia.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Axial_tilt.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Baja_California.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_Sea.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Biodiversity.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Biological_evolution.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Biosphere.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Biota_(ecology).
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Biotic_crisis.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Buffalo,_New_York.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink C3_carbon_fixation.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink C4_carbon_fixation.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Carbon.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_cycle.
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- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Carbonate.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Carnivorous_plant.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Category:Earth.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Category:Eschatology.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Category:Futurology.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Category:Geological_history_of_Earth.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Category:Plate_tectonics.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Chaos_theory.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Christopher_Scotese.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Chromosphere.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Circumstellar_habitable_zone.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Climate_change.
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- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Comet.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Conifer.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Continental_drift.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Continentality.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Convection_zone.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Core_(geology).
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Cretaceous.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Cretaceous_period.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Crust_(geology).
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Daytime.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Donald_Brownlee.
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- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Doomsday_argument.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Dune.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Dynamo.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Dynamo_theory.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Earth-Moon_distance.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Earths_magnetic_field.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Earths_orbit.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Eccentricity_(orbit).
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Ecliptic.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Ecological_niche.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Ecosystem.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Environmental_disaster.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Epoch_(geology).
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Erosion.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Eschatology.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Eukaryote.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Evaporation.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Evolution.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Extinction_event.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Extraterrestrial_life.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Extrusive.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink File:Venuspioneeruv.jpg.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Food_chain.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Food_chains.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Fossil_fuel.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Fungi.
- Future_of_the_Earth wikiPageWikiLink Fungus.