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- Freedom_suit abstract "Freedom suits are legal petitions filed by slaves for freedom.Hundreds of such suits were filed in the United States and its territories before the American Civil War, including during the colonial period. Most were filed during the nineteenth century. After the American Revolution, most northern states had abolished slavery, and the United States Congress prohibited it in some newly established territories. Slave states and territories had slave laws that created "just subjection." They also had laws that provided for slaves to sue on the basis of "wrongful enslavement."Free states and territories generally held that slaveholders forfeited their rights to "property" by bringing slaves into the state for extended travel or residency. As people began migrating and traveling more frequently, residency changes provided grounds for some slaves to sue for freedom. Courts in Missouri, Kentucky, Louisiana and Mississippi freed numerous slaves on the grounds of their having been held illegally in free states. Other grounds were that the person was freeborn and illegally held in slavery, or that the person was illegally held because of having been descended from a freeborn woman in the maternal line under the partus sequitur ventrem doctrine. Even manumitted slaves could find need to sue for freedom.By 1846, several hundred such cases had been tried in state courts across the country. Slaves had gained freedom in 57 percent of the 575 freedom suits decided in state appellate courts. The largest corpus of freedom suits available to researchers today is in St. Louis, Missouri, where 301 files dating from 1814–1860 are among St. Louis Circuit Court Records discovered in the 1990s. Slightly less than half the slaves in these cases gained freedom.The first freedom suit in St. Louis was filed in 1805 by Marguerite Scypion, an African-Natchez woman. Briefly, she filed based on maternal descent from her Natchez grandmother. As the Spanish had ended Indian slavery in 1769, Scypion held that her mother, Marie-Jean Scypion, should have been freed at the time based on her Natchez ancestry, and that Marguerite herself was illegally held as a slave from birth. Having had an earlier ruling in her favor overturned on appeal, in 1826 Marguerite Scypion renewed her suit for freedom, filing against her current master Jean Pierre Chouteau, who headed one of the most prominent fur trading families in the city. She gained freedom for herself and all her mother's descendants in 1836, in a decision upheld by the US Supreme Court.As the city was the "Gateway to the West", and Missouri was admitted as a slave state (bordered by free states), the St. Louis courts heard many freedom suits. If the court held there was a basis for the suit, it appointed counsel for slave plaintiffs. Many leading attorneys in St. Louis worked on slave suits. In 1824, the Missouri courts established the precedent known as "once free, always free", freeing slaves in Missouri based on their having been held by their masters illegally in free states or territories. This held for decades until 1852 and the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision, which ruled that Scott should have filed for freedom while in a free state.".
- Freedom_suit thumbnail US_Slave_Free_1789-1861.gif?width=300.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageExternalLink freedom-suits.htm.
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- Freedom_suit wikiPageExternalLink index.html.
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- Freedom_suit wikiPageExternalLink hundreds-of-the-descendants-of-indians-have-obtained-their-freedom-freedom-suits-in-18th-19th-century-virginia.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageID "30456842".
- Freedom_suit wikiPageLength "37050".
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- Freedom_suit wikiPageRevisionID "680138671".
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Abolitionism_in_the_United_States.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Abraham_Lincoln.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Africans.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Alton,_Illinois.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink American_Civil_War.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink American_Revolution.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink American_slave_court_cases.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Attorney_General.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Attorney_general.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Avoyelles_Parish,_Louisiana.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Baptism.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Baptized.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Boston.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Boston,_Massachusetts.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Boston_Female_Anti-Slavery_Society.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Caste.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Category:Abolitionism_in_the_United_States.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Category:Freedom_suits_in_the_United_States.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_St._Louis,_Missouri.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Category:Legal_history_of_the_United_States.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Category:Slavery_in_the_United_States.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Category:United_States_slavery_case_law.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Charlotte_Dupuy.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Chief_Justice.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Christian.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Common_law.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Cornelius_Sinclair.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Decatur_House.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Dred_Scott_v._Sandford.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Dred_Scott_v._Sanford.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Edward_Bates.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Elizabeth_Freeman.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Elizabeth_Key_Grinstead.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Ethnic_groups_of_Africa.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Free_people_of_color.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Fur_trade.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Fur_trading.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink George_Mathews_(judge).
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink George_Wythe.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Governor.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Great_Barrington,_Massachusetts.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Habeas_corpus.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Hamilton_Gamble.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Hamilton_Rowan_Gamble.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Clay.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Hudgins_v._Wright.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Illinois.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Indenture.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Isaac_Scott_Hathaway.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Jean_Pierre_Chouteau.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Jefferson_County,_Missouri.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Jefferson_National_Expansion_Memorial.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_Knight_(slave).
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Joseph_Watson_(Philadelphia).
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Kentucky.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Knight_v._Wedderburn.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Lemuel_Shaw.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Lexington,_Kentucky.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Louisiana.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Louisiana_Supreme_Court.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Louisiana_Territory.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Lucy_Ann_Delaney.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Lucy_Delaney.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Manumission.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Manumitted.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Marguerite_Scypion.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Marie_Louise_v._Marot.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Martin_Van_Buren.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Mississippi.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Missouri.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Missouri_Compromise.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Mixed-race.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Multiracial.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Natchez_people.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink New_Orleans.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink New_Orleans,_Louisiana.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Partus_sequitur_ventrem.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Patty_Cannon.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Plantations_in_the_American_South.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Planter_(antebellum_South).
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Polly_Berry.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Quock_Walker.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Rachel_v._Walker.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Red_River_of_the_South.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Roger_B._Taney.
- Freedom_suit wikiPageWikiLink Roger_Taney.