Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Food_energy> ?p ?o }
- Food_energy abstract "Food energy is potential energy that animals (including humans) derive from their food through the process of cellular respiration. (Cellular respiration involves either the process of joining oxygen with the molecules of food (aerobic respiration) or the process of reorganizing the atoms within the molecules (anaerobic respiration).)Humans and other animals need a minimum intake of food energy to sustain their metabolism and to drive their muscles. Foods are composed chiefly of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, water, vitamins, and minerals. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and water represent virtually all the weight of food, with vitamins and minerals making up only a small percentage of the weight. (Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins comprise ninety percent of the dry weight of foods.) Organisms derive food energy from carbohydrates, fats and proteins as well as from organic acids, polyols, and ethanol present in the diet. Some diet components that provide little or no food energy, such as water, minerals, vitamins, cholesterol, and fibre, may still be necessary to health and survival for other reasons. Water, minerals, vitamins, and cholesterol are not broken down (they are used by the body in the form in which they are absorbed) and so cannot be used for energy. Fiber, a type of carbohydrate, cannot be completely digested by the human body. Ruminants can extract food energy from the respiration of cellulose because of bacteria in their rumens.Using the International System of Units, researchers measure energy in joules (J) or in its multiples; the kilojoule (kJ) is most often used for food-related quantities. An older metric system unit of energy, still widely used in food-related contexts, is the calorie; more precisely, the "food calorie", "large calorie" or kilocalorie (kcal or Cal), equal to 4.184 kilojoules. (Contrast the "small calorie" (cal), equal to 1/1000 of a food calorie, that is often used in chemistry and in physics.) Within the European Union, both the kilocalorie ("kcal") and kilojoule ("kJ") appear on nutrition labels. In many countries, only one of the units is displayed; in the US and Canada labels spell out the unit as "calorie" or as "Calorie".Fats and ethanol have the greatest amount of food energy per mass, 37 and 29 kJ/g (8.8 and 6.9 kcal/g), respectively. Proteins and most carbohydrates have about 17 kJ/g (4.1 kcal/g). The differing energy density of foods (fat, alcohols, carbohydrates and proteins) lies mainly in their varying proportions of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms. Carbohydrates that are not easily absorbed, such as fiber, or lactose in lactose-intolerant individuals, contribute less food energy. Polyols (including sugar alcohols) and organic acids contribute 10 kJ/g (2.4 kcal/g) and 13 kJ/g (3.1 kcal/g) respectively. The amount of water, fat, and fiber in foods determines those foods' energy density.Theoretically, one could measure food energy in different ways, using (say) the Gibbs free energy of combustion, or the amount of ATP generated by metabolizing the food. However, the convention is to use the heat of the oxidation reaction, with the water substance produced being in the liquid phase. Conventional food energy is based on heats of combustion in a bomb calorimeter and corrections that take into consideration the efficiency of digestion and absorption and the production of urea and other substances in the urine. The American chemist Wilbur Atwater worked these Template:Which? out in the late 19th century. (See Atwater system for more detail.)Each food item has a specific metabolizable energy intake (MEI). This value can be approximated by multiplying the total amount of energy associated with a food item by 85%, which is the typical amount of energy actually obtained by a human after respiration has been completed. In animal nutrition, where energy is a critical element of the economics of meat production, researchers may determine a specific metabolizable energy for each component (protein, fat, etc.) of each ingredient of the feed.".
- Food_energy thumbnail Nutrition-label.jpg?width=300.
- Food_energy wikiPageExternalLink 899S?ijkey=f3919ec7617632925bb12e0ffb8deeb08a678686.
- Food_energy wikiPageExternalLink y5022e04.htm.
- Food_energy wikiPageID "182303".
- Food_energy wikiPageLength "16074".
- Food_energy wikiPageOutDegree "84".
- Food_energy wikiPageRevisionID "683669572".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Adenosine_triphosphate.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Aerobic_exercise.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Anaerobic_exercise.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Anaerobic_respiration.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Atom.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Atwater_system.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Basal_metabolic_rate.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Brain.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Calorie.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Calorimeter.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Calorimetry.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Carbohydrate.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Category:Nutrition.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Cell_signaling.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_respiration.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Cellulose.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_energy.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Chemistry.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Diet_(nutrition).
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Dietary_element.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Dietary_fiber.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Dietary_mineral.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Energy_density.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Ethanol.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink European_Union.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Fat.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Food.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Food_and_Agriculture_Organization.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Food_and_Agriculture_Organization_of_the_United_Nations.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Food_chain.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Food_composition.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Food_composition_data.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink France.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Gibbs_free_energy.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Heat_of_combustion.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Human.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink International_System_of_Units.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Joule.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Kilocalorie.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Kilojoule.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Lactose.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Leucine.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Mandatory_labelling.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Metabolism.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Metric_system.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Molecule.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink National_Health_and_Medical_Research_Council.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Nutrition_facts_label.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Organic_acid.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Oxygen.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Physics.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Polyol.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Potential_energy.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Power_(physics).
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Protein.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Protein_(nutrient).
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Protein_in_nutrition.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Rumen.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Ruminant.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Sedentary_lifestyle.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Specific_energy.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Sugar_alcohol.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Sugar_substitute.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Sweeteners.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Table_of_food_nutrients.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink United_Nations.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Urea.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Vitamin.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Water.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Water_substance.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Wilbur_Atwater.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink Wilbur_Olin_Atwater.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLink File:Nutrition-label.jpg.
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "Calories or kilocalories".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "Calories".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "Energy".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "Food consumption".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "Food energy".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "amount present in the food".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "caloric content".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "caloric energy".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "caloric intake".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "caloric".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "calorie counts".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "calorie".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "calories".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "calorific".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "chemical energy provided by food".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "counting calories".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "dietary energy".
- Food_energy wikiPageWikiLinkText "energy content".