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- False_dilemma abstract "A false dilemma (also called false dichotomy, false binary, black-and-white thinking, bifurcation, denying a conjunct, the either–or fallacy, fallacy of exhaustive hypotheses, the fallacy of false choice, the fallacy of the false alternative, or the fallacy of the excluded middle) is a type of informal fallacy that involves a situation in which only limited alternatives are considered, when in fact there is at least one additional option. The opposite of this fallacy is argument to moderation.The options may be a position that is between two extremes (such as when there are shades of grey) or may be completely different alternatives. Phrasing that implies two options (dilemma, dichotomy, black-and-white) may be replaced with other number-based nouns, such as a "false trilemma" if something is reduced to only three options.False dilemma can arise intentionally, when fallacy is used in an attempt to force a choice or outcome such as, in some contexts, the assertion that "if you are not with us, you are against us." The false dilemma fallacy also can arise simply by accidental omission of additional options rather than by deliberate deception. Additionally, it can be the result of habitual, patterned, black-and-white and/or intensely political/politicized thinking whereby a model of binary (or polar) opposites is assigned or imposed to whatever regarded object/context, almost automatically--a process that may ignore both complexity and alternatives to more extreme juxtaposed archetypes; binary opposition is explored extensively in critical theory. Some philosophers and scholars believe that "unless a distinction can be made rigorous and precise it isn't really a distinction". An exception is analytic philosopher John Searle, who called it an incorrect assumption that produces false dichotomies. Searle insists that "it is a condition of the adequacy of a precise theory of an indeterminate phenomenon that it should precisely characterize that phenomenon as indeterminate; and a distinction is no less a distinction for allowing for a family of related, marginal, diverging cases." Similarly, when two options are presented, they often are, although not always, two extreme points on some spectrum of possibilities; this may lend credence to the larger argument by giving the impression that the options are mutually exclusive of each other, even though they need not be. Furthermore, the options in false dichotomies typically are presented as being collectively exhaustive, in which case the fallacy may be overcome, or at least weakened, by considering other possibilities, or perhaps by considering a whole spectrum of possibilities, as in fuzzy logic.".
- False_dilemma wikiPageExternalLink eitheror.html.
- False_dilemma wikiPageID "17687".
- False_dilemma wikiPageLength "6676".
- False_dilemma wikiPageOutDegree "58".
- False_dilemma wikiPageRevisionID "682004169".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Analytic_philosopher.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Analytic_philosophy.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Argument_to_moderation.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Behaviorism.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Binary_opposition.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Bivalence.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Black-and-white_dualism.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Bounce_Exchange.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Catch-22_(logic).
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Deception.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Dilemmas.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Error.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Fanaticism.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Informal_fallacies.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Category:Propaganda.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Collectively_exhaustive_events.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Correlative-based_fallacies.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Critical_theory.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Degree_of_truth.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Degrees_of_truth.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Dichotomy.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Dilemma.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Fuzzy_logic.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Half-truth.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Hobsons_choice.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Informal_fallacy.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink John_Searle.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Law_of_excluded_middle.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Learned_helplessness.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Loaded_question.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Love–hate_relationship.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Many-valued_logic.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Mortons_fork.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Multi-valued_logic.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Mutual_exclusivity.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Mutually_exclusive_events.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink New_York_City.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Noise_pollution.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Nolan_Chart.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Nondualism.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink None_of_the_above.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Obscurantism.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink One-party_system.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Pascals_Wager.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Perspectivism.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Philosopher.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Political_philosophy.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Politicized_issue.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Principle_of_bivalence.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Reason.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Rogerian_argument.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Show_election.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Single-party_state.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Sorites_paradox.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Soundproofing.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Strange_loop.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Straw_man.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Thinking_outside_the_box.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Trilemma.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Two-party_system.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Unreasonable.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLink Youre_either_with_us,_or_against_us.
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText ""either-or fallacy"".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "Black and white thinking".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "Fallacy of the excluded middle".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "False dilemma".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "False_dilemma".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "all-or-nothing".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "black and white thinking".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "black and white".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "black-and-white thinking".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "black-and-white".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "contrived dualism".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "dichotomy".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "false choice".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "false choice, falsified dilemma".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "false dichotomy".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "false dilemma".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "false trilemma".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "two-model approach".
- False_dilemma wikiPageWikiLinkText "us against them".
- False_dilemma hasPhotoCollection False_dilemma.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Colbegin.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Colend.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Fact.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Formal_Fallacy.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Informal_Fallacy.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Portal.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Propaganda.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Relevance_fallacies.
- False_dilemma wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:See_also.
- False_dilemma subject Category:Deception.