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- Extreme_pressure_additive abstract "Extreme pressure additives, or EP additives, are additives for lubricants with a role to decrease wear of the parts of the gears exposed to very high pressures. They are also added to cutting fluids for machining of metals.Extreme pressure additives are usually used in applications such as gearboxes, while antiwear additives are used with lighter load applications such as hydraulic and automotive engines. Extreme pressure gear oils perform well over a range of temperatures, speeds and gear sizes to help prevent damage to the gears during starting and stopping of the engine. Unlike antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives are rarely used in motor oils. The sulfur or chlorine compounds contained in them can react with water and combustion byproducts, forming acids that facilitate corrosion of the engine parts and bearings.Extreme pressure additives typically contain organic sulfur, phosphorus or chlorine compounds, including sulfur-phosphorus and sulfur-phosphorus-boron compounds, which chemically react with the metal surface under high pressure conditions. Under such conditions, small irregularities on the sliding surfaces cause localized flashes of high temperature (300-1000 °C), without significant increase of the average surface temperature. The chemical reaction between the additives and the surface is confined to this area. The early extreme pressure additives were based on lead salts of fatty acids ("lead soaps"), "active sulfur" compounds (e.g. thiols and elementary sulfur), and chlorinated compounds. During the 1950s the use of lead soaps was eliminated and replaced by zinc and phosphorus compounds such as zinc dithiophosphate.Some of the EP additives are: Dark inactive sulfurized fat Dark active sulfurized fat Dark active sulfur hydrocarbon Short and medium chain chlorinated alkanes (see chlorinated hydrocarbons and chlorinated paraffins) Esters of chlorendic acid Polymer esters Polysulfides Molybdenum compoundsAliphatic chlorinated hydrocarbons (chlorinated paraffins) are cheap and efficient, however they persist in environment and have strong tendency for bioaccumulation. Therefore they are being replaced with alternatives. In cutting fluids, their role is largely confined to formulations for forming complex stainless steel parts. [1]The activity of halogenated hydrocarbons increases with decreasing stability of the carbon-halogen bond. At local contact temperatures ranging between 305-330 °C, the additive thermally decomposes and the reactive halogen atoms form a surface layer of iron halides on the part surface. Eventual failure of the contact point comes when the contact temperature exceeds the melting point of the iron halide layer. Under such conditions, small particles of carbon are generated as well. Some compounds used in lubricant additives are chloroalkanes, trichloromethyl phosphine acids, organic esters of a-acetoxy-b,b,b-trichloroethyl phosphonic acid, trichloromethyl esters of phosphoric acid, trichloromethyl derivates of sulfur, trichloroacetoxy compounds, esters or amine salts of chlorendic acid, 1,2,3,4,7,7-hexachloro-5-dimethylbicyclo[2.2.1]-2-heptene, etc.Oil-soluble organophosphates, with or without zinc, have excellent high-pressure and antiwear properties, and provide corrosion protection especially in presence of chlorinated hydrocarbons. ZDDP starts decomposing at 130-170 °C, while the activation temperature of TCP typically exceeds 200 °C. Their reaction products form a chemically bonded lubricating film on the surfaces.Polysulfides serve as carriers of inactive and active sulfur. Molybdenum compounds decompose under high pressure to form an in-situ deposited layer of molybdenum disulfide. Molybdenum dithiocarbamates are used as additives for greases.Sulfur containing extreme pressure additives can cause corrosion problems in gears with parts made of bronze, brass and other copper alloys when high temperature environments are encountered.".
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageExternalLink pressure.htm.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageID "3155791".
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageLength "4915".
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageOutDegree "58".
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageRevisionID "673022350".
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Alkane.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Antiwear_additive.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Antiwear_additives.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Bioaccumulation.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Boron.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Brass.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Bronze.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Carbon.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Category:Oil_additives.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_reaction.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Chlorendic_acid.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Chlorinated_hydrocarbon.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Chlorinated_paraffins.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Chlorine.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Copper_alloy.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Corrosion.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Cutting_fluid.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Dithiocarbamate.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Engine.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Ester.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Fatty_acid.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Gasoline_additive.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Gear.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Gear_oil.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Haloalkane.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Lead.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink List_of_copper_alloys.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink List_of_gasoline_additives.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Lubricant.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Machining.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Metal.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Metalworking.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Molybdenum.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Molybdenum_disulfide.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Motor_oil.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Oil_additive.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Organochloride.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Organophosphate.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Petroleum.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Phosphoric_acid.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Phosphorus.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Polysulfide.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Pressure.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Soap.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Stainless_steel.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Sulfur.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Temperature.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Thiol.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Transmission_(mechanics).
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Zinc.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLink Zinc_dithiophosphate.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLinkText "Extreme pressure additive".
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLinkText "extreme pressure (EP) additives".
- Extreme_pressure_additive wikiPageWikiLinkText "extreme pressure additive".
- Extreme_pressure_additive hasPhotoCollection Extreme_pressure_additive.
- Extreme_pressure_additive subject Category:Oil_additives.
- Extreme_pressure_additive hypernym Additives.
- Extreme_pressure_additive type Article.
- Extreme_pressure_additive type Additive.
- Extreme_pressure_additive type Article.
- Extreme_pressure_additive type Lubricant.
- Extreme_pressure_additive comment "Extreme pressure additives, or EP additives, are additives for lubricants with a role to decrease wear of the parts of the gears exposed to very high pressures. They are also added to cutting fluids for machining of metals.Extreme pressure additives are usually used in applications such as gearboxes, while antiwear additives are used with lighter load applications such as hydraulic and automotive engines.".
- Extreme_pressure_additive label "Extreme pressure additive".
- Extreme_pressure_additive sameAs EP-Additiv.
- Extreme_pressure_additive sameAs Aditivo_para_extrema_pressão.
- Extreme_pressure_additive sameAs m.08w06t.
- Extreme_pressure_additive sameAs Q1275603.
- Extreme_pressure_additive sameAs Q1275603.
- Extreme_pressure_additive wasDerivedFrom Extreme_pressure_additive?oldid=673022350.
- Extreme_pressure_additive isPrimaryTopicOf Extreme_pressure_additive.