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- Exoelectrogen abstract "An exoelectrogen normally refers to a microorganism that has the ability to transfer electrons extracellularly. While exoelectrogen is the predominant name, other terms have been used: electrochemically active bacteria, anode respiring bacteria, and electricigens. Electrons exocytosed in this fashion are produced following ATP production using an electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation. Conventional cellular respiration requires a final electron acceptor to receive these electrons. Cells that use molecular oxygen (O2) as their final electron acceptor are described as using aerobic respiration, while cells that use other soluble compounds as their final electron acceptor are described as using anaerobic respiration. However, the final electron acceptor of an exoelectrogen is found extracellularly and can be a strong oxidizing agent in aqueous solution or a solid conductor/electron acceptor. Two commonly observed acceptors are iron compounds (specifically Fe(III) oxides) and manganese compounds (specifically Mn(III/IV) oxides). As oxygen is a strong oxidizer, cells are able to do this strictly in the absence of oxygen.Utilization of exoelectrogens is currently being researched in the development of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), which hold the potential to convert organic material like activated sludge from waste water treatment into ethanol, hydrogen gas, and electric current.While the exact process in which a cell will reduce an extracellular acceptor will vary from species to species, methods have been shown to involve the use of an oxidoreductase pathway that will transport electrons to the cell membrane that is exposed to the external environment. This pathway splits off from the ETC pathway after the cytochrome bc1 complex (Complex III) is oxidized by c-type cytochromes designed to move electrons towards the extracellular face of its outermost membrane instead of towards cytochrome c oxidase (Complex IV). MtrC and OmcA are examples of such c-type cytochromes that are endogenously found in the outer membrane of Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 a gammaproteobacterium, though many other variations exist (Figure 1).Aside from releasing electrons to an exogenous final electron acceptor, external electron transfer may serve other purposes. First, cells may transfer electrons directly to each other without the need for an intermediary substance. Pelotomaculum thermopropioncum has been observed linked to Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus by a pilus (external cell structures used in conjugation and adhesion) that was determined to be electrically conductive. Second, extracellular electrons may serve a role in the communication as a quorum signal in biofilms.In addition to S. oneidensis MR-1, exoelectrogenic activity has been observed in the following strains of bacteria without an exogenous mediator: Shewanella putrefaciens IR-1, Clostridium butyricum, Desulfuromonas acetoxidans, Geobacter metallireducens, Geobacter sulfurreducens, Rhodoferax ferrireducens, Aeromonas hydrophilia (A3), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Desulfobulbus propionicus, Geopsychrobacter electrodiphilus, Geothrix fermentans, Shewanella oneidensis DSP10, Escherichia coli, Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Ochrobactrum anthropic YZ-1, Desulfovibrio desulfuricans, Acidiphilium sp.3.2Sup5, Klebsiella pneumonia L17, Thermincola sp.strain JR, Pichia anomala.".
- Exoelectrogen thumbnail Geobacter_Sulfurreducens_Pathway.jpg?width=300.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageID "24820133".
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageLength "8154".
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageOutDegree "45".
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageRevisionID "661022796".
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Activated_sludge.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Adhesion.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Aerobic_respiration.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Aeromonas_hydrophila.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Anaerobic_respiration.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Aqueous_solution.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Biofilm.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Biotransformation.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Category:Microbiology_terms.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_respiration.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Clostridium_butyricum.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Coenzyme_Q_–_cytochrome_c_reductase.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Compressed_hydrogen.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Conjugation_(biochemistry).
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Cytochrome_c.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Cytochrome_c_oxidase.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Electric_current.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Electron.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Electron_acceptor.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Electron_transport_chain.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Electrons.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Escherichia_coli.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Ethanol.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Extracellular.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink File:Exoelectrogen_Electron_Transport_Mechanisms.jpg.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink File:Geobacter_Sulfurreducens_Pathway.jpg.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Flavin_group.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Flavins.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Gammaproteobacteria.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Gammaproteobacterium.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Geopsychrobacter_electrodiphilus.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogen_gas.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Iron(III)_oxide.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Klebsiella_pneumonia.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Manganese_oxide.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Methanothermobacter.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Microbial_fuel_cell.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Microbial_fuel_cells.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Microorganism.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink OmcS_oxidoreductase.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Oxidative_phosphorylation.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Oxidizing_agent.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Oxidoreductase.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Pilus.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Pseudomonas_aeruginosa.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Quorum_sensing.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Rhodopseudomonas_palustris.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Riboflavin.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Sewage_treatment.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Shewanella_oneidensis.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Shewanella_oneidensis_MR-1.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Shewanella_putrefaciens.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLink Waste_water_treatment.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLinkText "Electrogenic microorganisms".
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLinkText "Exoelectrogen".
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageWikiLinkText "exoelectrogen".
- Exoelectrogen hasPhotoCollection Exoelectrogen.
- Exoelectrogen wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Exoelectrogen subject Category:Microbiology_terms.
- Exoelectrogen type Article.
- Exoelectrogen type Article.
- Exoelectrogen type Term.
- Exoelectrogen comment "An exoelectrogen normally refers to a microorganism that has the ability to transfer electrons extracellularly. While exoelectrogen is the predominant name, other terms have been used: electrochemically active bacteria, anode respiring bacteria, and electricigens. Electrons exocytosed in this fashion are produced following ATP production using an electron transport chain (ETC) during oxidative phosphorylation.".
- Exoelectrogen label "Exoelectrogen".
- Exoelectrogen sameAs m.0804_sr.
- Exoelectrogen sameAs Q5420575.
- Exoelectrogen sameAs Q5420575.
- Exoelectrogen wasDerivedFrom Exoelectrogen?oldid=661022796.
- Exoelectrogen depiction Geobacter_Sulfurreducens_Pathway.jpg.
- Exoelectrogen isPrimaryTopicOf Exoelectrogen.