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• Euphorbiaceae abstract "Euphorbiaceae, the spurge family, in common English sometimes called "euphorbias", which is also the name of a genus in the family, is a large family of flowering plants with about 300 genera and 7,500 species. Most spurges are herbs, but some, especially in the tropics, are shrubs or trees. Some are succulent and resemble cacti because of convergent evolution. Laypersons may refer to euphorbias having a growth form and succulence similar to cacti as being "cactuses".This family occurs mainly in the tropics, with the majority of the species in the Indo-Malayan region and tropical America a good second. A large variety occurs in tropical Africa, but they are not as abundant or varied as in the two other tropical regions. However, Euphorbia also has many species in nontropical areas such as the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East, South Africa, and southern USA.The leaves are alternate, seldom opposite, with stipules. They are mainly simple, but where compound, are always palmate, never pinnate. Stipules may be reduced to hairs, glands, or spines, or in succulent species are sometimes absent.The plants can be monoecious or dioecious. The radially symmetrical flowers are unisexual, with the male and female flowers usually on the same plant. As can be expected from such a large family, there is a wide variety in the structure of the flowers. The stamens (the male organs) number from one to 10 (or even more). The female flowers are hypogynous, that is, with superior ovaries.The genera in tribe Euphorbieae, subtribe Euphorbiinae (Euphorbia and close relatives) show a highly specialized form of pseudanthium ("false flower" made up of several true flowers) called a cyathium. This is usually a small, cup-like involucre consisting of fused-together bracts and peripheral nectary glands, surrounding a ring of male flowers, each a single stamen. In the middle of the cyathium stands a female flower: a single pistil with branched stigmas. This whole arrangement resembles a single flower.The fruit is usually a schizocarp, but sometimes a drupe. A typical schizocarp is the regma, a capsular fruit with three or more cells, each of which splits open at maturity into separate parts and then breaks away explosively, scattering the small seeds.The family contains a large variety of phytotoxins (toxic substances produced by plants), mainly diterpene esters, alkaloids, glycosides, and ricin-type toxins.A milky latex is a characteristic of the subfamilies Euphorbioideae and Crotonoideae. The latex is poisonous in the Euphorbioideae, but innocuous in the Crotonoideae. White mangrove (Excoecaria agallocha), or blind-your-eye mangrove latex causes blistering on contact and temporary blindness if it contacts the eyes. Other common names are milky mangrove, buta buta (Malay), and gewa (Bangladesh). The latex of spurge was used as a laxative.Recent molecular studies have shown that the enigmatic family Rafflesiaceae, which was only recently recognized to belong to order Malpighiales, is derived from within Euphorbiaceae.".
• Euphorbiaceae class Eudicots.
• Euphorbiaceae division Flowering_plant.
• Euphorbiaceae kingdom Plant.
• Euphorbiaceae order Malpighiales.
• Euphorbiaceae order Rosids.
• Euphorbiaceae thumbnail Starr_020803-0119_Aleurites_moluccana.jpg?width=300.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageExternalLink delta-intkey.com.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageExternalLink angio.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageExternalLink Euphorbi.htm.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageExternalLink euphorbia.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageExternalLink family.pl?433.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageExternalLink www.cssainc.org.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageExternalLink 1135260.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageID "18952520".
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageLength "7327".
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageOutDegree "88".
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageRevisionID "681341486".
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Acalyphoideae.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Aleurites_moluccanus.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Alkaloid.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Americas.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Angiosperms.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Bengali_Language.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Bengali_language.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Bract.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Cactus.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Candlenut_tree.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Carpel.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Cassava.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Castor_oil_plant.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Category:Euphorbiaceae.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Category:Malpighiales_families.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Category:Poisonous_plants.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Chinese_tallow.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Crotonoideae.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Cyathium.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Drupe.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Ester.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Eudicots.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbia.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbia_appariciana.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbia_attastoma.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbia_crossadenia.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbia_esula.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbia_gymnoclada.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbia_pulcherrima.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbieae.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbiinae.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Euphorbioideae.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Excoecaria.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Flower.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Flowering_plant.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Fruit.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Genus.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Glycoside.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Gynoecium.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Herb.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Herpes.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Herpes_simplex.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Hevea_brasiliensis.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Hypogynous.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Indomalaya_ecozone.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink International_Euphorbia_Society.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Invasive_species.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Involucral_bract.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Jatropha_curcas.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Latex.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Laxative.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Leaf.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Leaf_shape.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Malay_language.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Malpighiales.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Mediterranean_Basin.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Middle_East.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Ornamental_plant.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Ovary_(botany).
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Ovary_(plants).
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Palmate.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Para_rubber_tree.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Phytotoxin.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Pinnate.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Pinnation.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Plant.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Plant_reproductive_morphology.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Plant_sexuality.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Poinsettia.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Poison.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Pseudanthium.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Rafflesiaceae.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Ricin.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Ricinus.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Rosids.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Schizocarp.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Shrub.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink South_Africa.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Species.
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Spine_(botany).
• Euphorbiaceae wikiPageWikiLink Spurge.

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