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Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Estonian_national_awakening> ?p ?o }

• Estonian_national_awakening abstract "The Estonian Age of Awakening (Estonian: Ärkamisaeg) is a period in history where Estonians came to acknowledge themselves as a nation deserving the right to govern themselves. This period is considered to begin in the 1850s with greater rights being granted to commoners and to end with the declaration of the Republic of Estonia in 1918. The term is sometimes also applied to the period around 1987–1988.Although Estonian national consciousness spread in the course of the 19th century, some degree of ethnic awareness in the literate middle class preceded this development. By the 18th century the self-denomination eestlane along with the older maarahvas spread among Estonians in the then provinces of Estonia and Livonia of the Russian Empire. The Bible was translated in 1739, and the number of books and brochures published in Estonian increased from 18 in the 1750s to 54 in the 1790s. By the end of the century more than half of adult peasants were able to read. The first university-educated intellectuals identifying themselves as Estonians, including Friedrich Robert Faehlmann (1798–1850), Kristjan Jaak Peterson (1801–1822) and Friedrich Reinhold Kreutzwald (1803–1882), came to prominence in the 1820s. The ruling elite had remained predominantly German in language and culture since the conquest of the early 13th century. Garlieb Merkel (1769–1850), a Baltic German Estophile, was the first author to treat the Estonians as a nationality equal to others; he became a source of inspiration for the Estonian national movement, modelled on Baltic German cultural world before the middle of the 19th century. However, in the middle of the century the Estonians, with such leaders as Carl Robert Jakobson (1841–1882), Jakob Hurt (1839–1907) and Johann Voldemar Jannsen (1819–1890), became more ambitious in their political demands and started leaning towards the Finns as a successful model of national movement and, to some extent, the neighbouring Young Latvian national movement. Significant accomplishments were the publication of the national epic, Kalevipoeg, in 1862, and the organization of the first national song festival in 1869. By the end of the 1860s the Estonians became unwilling to remain reconciled with German cultural and political hegemony. Before the attempts at Russification in the 1880s–1890s their view of Imperial Russia remained positive.In 1881 seventeen Estonian societies, in a memorandum inspired by Carl Robert Jakobson, called upon Emperor Alexander III of Russia for the introduction of zemstvo institutions (which had already existed in most parts of the Empire), with equal representation for Estonians and Baltic Germans and administrative unification of the ethnic Estonian areas. Postimees, the first Estonian daily, began appearing in 1891. According to the 1897 census, the Estonians had the second highest literacy rate in the Russian Empire after the Finns in the Grand Duchy of Finland (96.1% of the Estonian-speaking population of the Baltic Provinces 10 years and older, roughly equally for males and females). The cities became Estonicized quickly, and in 1897 ethnic Estonians comprised two-thirds of the total Estonian urban population.In response to a period of Russification initiated by the Russian empire in the 1880s, Estonian nationalism took on even more political tones, with intellectuals calling for greater autonomy. As the Russian Revolution of 1905 swept through Estonia, the Estonians called for freedom of the press and assembly, for universal franchise, and for national autonomy. Estonian gains were minimal, but the tense stability that prevailed between 1905 and 1917 allowed Estonians to advance the aspiration of national statehood. Following the February Revolution of 1917 Estonian lands were for the first time united in one administrative unit, the autonomous Governorate of Estonia. After the Bolshevik takeover of power in Russia in the October Revolution of 1917 and the German victories against the Russian army, Estonia declared itself an independent republic on 24 February 1918.".
• Estonian_national_awakening thumbnail Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg?width=300.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageExternalLink books?id=b3b5nU4bnw4C&pg=PA50&ots=6G52TGSLDM&sig=ezUu58QqBJsFpFtpZ2rzZ_ih6jA.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageExternalLink 1469-8219.00078.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageExternalLink j.1469-8129.2007.00276.x.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageExternalLink lugu.html?menyy_id=97&kateg=43&nimi=&alam=61&tekst_id=249.
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• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageRevisionID "653325347".
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink 1897_census.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_III_of_Russia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Autonomous_Governorate_of_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_German.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_Germans.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_Provinces.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Baltic_governorates.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Bible.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Bolshevik.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Bolsheviks.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Robert_Jakobson.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Category:Education_in_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Category:Estonian_culture.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Category:Estonian_nationalism.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Category:Russian_Empire.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Estonian_people.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Estonians.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Estophilia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink February_Revolution.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Fennoman.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Fennoman_movement.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Finnish_people.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Finns.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Freedom_of_assembly.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Freedom_of_the_press.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Friedrich_Reinhold_Kreutzwald.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Friedrich_Robert_Faehlmann.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Garlieb_Merkel.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink German_Empire.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Governorate_of_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Governorate_of_Livonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Grand_Duchy_of_Finland.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Hoover_Institution.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Hoover_Institution_Press.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Imperial_Russia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Jakob_Hurt.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Johann_Voldemar_Jannsen.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Kalevipoeg.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Kristjan_Jaak_Peterson.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Literacy.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Literacy_rate.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Lithuanian_National_Revival.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Lithuanian_national_awakening.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Marju_Lauristin.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Nation.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Nations_and_Nationalism_(journal).
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink October_Revolution.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Postimees.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Republic_of_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Revolution_of_1905.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Empire.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Empire_Census.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Revolution_of_1905.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Russification.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Self-determination.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Suffrage.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Tartu_University_Press.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink The_Bible.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink The_Slavonic_and_East_European_Review.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Tartu_Press.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Young_Latvians.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink Zemstvo.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink File:Carl_Robert_Jakobson.jpg.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLink File:Kreutzwald-köler.jpg.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLinkText "Estonian Age of Awakening".
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLinkText "Estonian national awakening".
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLinkText "Estonian nationalism".
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageWikiLinkText "national awakening".
• Estonian_national_awakening hasPhotoCollection Estonian_national_awakening.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Estonia_topics.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:History_of_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-et.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:National_revivals.
• Estonian_national_awakening wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
• Estonian_national_awakening subject Category:Education_in_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening subject Category:Estonian_culture.
• Estonian_national_awakening subject Category:Estonian_nationalism.
• Estonian_national_awakening subject Category:History_of_Estonia.
• Estonian_national_awakening subject Category:Russian_Empire.
• Estonian_national_awakening hypernym Period.
• Estonian_national_awakening type Article.
• Estonian_national_awakening type Country.
• Estonian_national_awakening type Ideology.
• Estonian_national_awakening type Article.
• Estonian_national_awakening type Ideology.
• Estonian_national_awakening type Theory.
• Estonian_national_awakening comment "The Estonian Age of Awakening (Estonian: Ärkamisaeg) is a period in history where Estonians came to acknowledge themselves as a nation deserving the right to govern themselves. This period is considered to begin in the 1850s with greater rights being granted to commoners and to end with the declaration of the Republic of Estonia in 1918.".
• Estonian_national_awakening label "Estonian national awakening".

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