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- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal abstract "Environmental issues in Nepal are numerous environmental problems. Sedimentation and discharge of industrial effluents are prominent sources of water pollution, and the burning of wood for fuel is a significant source of indoor air pollution and respiratory problems. Vehicular and industrial emissions increasingly have contributed to air pollution in urban areas. Deforestation and land degradation appear to affect a far greater proportion of the population and have the worst consequences for economic growth and individuals’ livelihoods. Forest loss has contributed to floods, soil erosion, and stagnant agricultural output. Estimates suggest that from 1966 to 2000 forest cover declined from 45 to 29 percent of the total land area. Often cited causes of deforestation include population growth, high fuelwood consumption, infrastructure projects, and conversion of forests into grazing- and cropland. According to government estimates, 1.5 million tons of soil nutrients are lost annually, and by 2002 approximately 5 percent of agricultural holdings had been rendered uncultivable as a result of soil erosion and flooding. Land degradation is attributed to population growth, improper use of agro-chemicals, and overly intensive use of landholdings that are too small to provide most households with sufficient food. Since the late 1980s, government policies have attempted to address these numerous and related problems, but policies often are hampered by lack of funding, insufficient understanding of Nepal’s mountain ecosystems, bureaucratic inefficiency, and sometimes contentious relations between the central government and local communities.Main Threats and Development PressuresThere are several threats and development pressures to the biodiversity of Nepal, caused by thecumulative effects of socio-economic status, ecological degradation and political instability (MFSC,2000).A major threat factor is represented by the Nepalese human population. According to the 1991population census, the total population of Nepal was around 18.5 million and the population in theyear 2000 was estimated at 22 million (MFSC, 2000). More than half (53 per cent) of this populationlies under the absolute poverty line and is about to double in the next 26 years (MoPE (a), 2000).Poverty has causal effects on population and vice versa, which contributes to environmentaldeterioration. Fast growth of the population caused an increase in demand for fuel wood, timber,fodder and land to grow more food (MFSC, 2000).Non-timber forest products are threatened by deforestation, habitat degradation and unsustainableharvesting. Major threats to some protected areas are grazing all year around, poaching for high valueproducts, illegal timber harvesting and unsustainable tourism. Rangelands are suffering from anenormous grazing pressure and wetland biodiversity is threatened by encroachment of wetland habitat,unsustainable harvesting of wetland resources, industrial pollution, agricultural run-off, theintroduction of exotic and invasive species into wetland ecosystems, and siltation. Mountainbiodiversity is suffering due to ecological fragility and instability of high mountain environments,deforestation, poor management of natural resources, and inappropriate farming practices (MFSC,2000).Agrobiodiversity is under threat due to use of high yielding varieties, destruction of natural habitat,overgrazing, land fragmentation, commercialisation of agriculture and the extension of modern highyielding varieties, indiscriminate use of pesticides, population growth and urbanisation, and changes infarmer’s priorities (MFSC, 2000).More factors for loss of biodiversity include landslide and soil erosion, pollution, fire, overgrazing,introduction of alien species, illegal trade, hunting and smuggling.".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageExternalLink www.environmentnepal.com.np.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageExternalLink www.forestrynepal.org.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageExternalLink www.mope.gov.np.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageID "4243390".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageLength "4384".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageOutDegree "11".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageRevisionID "646868153".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Category:Environment_of_Nepal.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Category:Environmental_issues_by_country.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Deforestation.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Erosion.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Land_degradation.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Local_Initiatives_for_Biodiversity,_Research_and_Development_(LI-BIRD).
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink National_Trust_for_Nature_Conservation.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Soil_erosion.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Vegetation.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLink Water_pollution.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageWikiLinkText "Environmental issues in Nepal".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal hasPhotoCollection Environmental_issues_in_Nepal.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Asia_in_topic.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Loc.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal subject Category:Environment_of_Nepal.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal subject Category:Environmental_issues_by_country.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal hypernym Problems.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal type Article.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal type Disease.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal type Article.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal type Source.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal comment "Environmental issues in Nepal are numerous environmental problems. Sedimentation and discharge of industrial effluents are prominent sources of water pollution, and the burning of wood for fuel is a significant source of indoor air pollution and respiratory problems. Vehicular and industrial emissions increasingly have contributed to air pollution in urban areas.".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal label "Environmental issues in Nepal".
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal sameAs m.0117vm7m.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal sameAs Q5381302.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal sameAs Q5381302.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal wasDerivedFrom Environmental_issues_in_Nepal?oldid=646868153.
- Environmental_issues_in_Nepal isPrimaryTopicOf Environmental_issues_in_Nepal.