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- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect abstract "The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is the property by which certain sizes of molecules (typically liposomes, nanoparticles, and macromolecular drugs) tend to accumulate in tumor tissue much more than they do in normal tissues. The general explanation that is given for this phenomenon is that, in order for tumor cells to grow quickly, they must stimulate the production of blood vessels. VEGF and other growth factors are involved in cancer angiogenesis. Tumor cell aggregates as small as 150-200 μm, start to become dependent on blood supply carried out by neovasculature for their nutritional and oxygen supply. These newly formed tumor vessels are usually abnormal in form and architecture. They are poorly aligned defective endothelial cells with wide fenestrations, lacking a smooth muscle layer, or innervation with a wider lumen, and impaired functional receptors for angiotensin II. Furthermore, tumor tissues usually lack effective lymphatic drainage. All of these factors lead to abnormal molecular and fluid transport dynamics, especially for macromolecular drugs. This phenomenon is referred to as the “enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect” of macromolecules and lipids in solid tumors. The EPR effect is further enhanced by many pathophysiological factors involved in enhancement of the extravasation of macromolecules in solid tumor tissues. For instance, bradykinin, nitric oxide / peroxynitrite, prostaglandins, vascular permeability factor (also known as vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF), tumor necrosis factor and others. One factor that lends to the increased retention is the lack of lymphatics around the tumor region which would filter out such particles under normal conditions.The EPR effect is important for nanoparticle and liposome delivery to cancer tissue. One of many examples is the work regarding thermal ablation with gold nanoparticles. Halas, West and coworkers have shown a possible complement to radiation and chemotherapy in cancer therapy, wherein once nanoparticles are at the cancer site they can be heated up in response to a skin penetrating near IR laser. This therapy has shown to work best in conjunction with chemotherapeutics or other cancer therapies. The EPR effect helps to carry the nanoparticles and spread inside the cancer tissue.".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageID "4663279".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageLength "4468".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageOutDegree "24".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageRevisionID "680086106".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Ablation.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Angiogenesis.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Angiotensin.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Angiotensin_II.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Bradykinin.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Category:Oncology.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Chemotherapeutics.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Chemotherapy.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Endothelium.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Laser.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Liposome.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Liposomes.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Lumen_(anatomy).
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Lymphatic_system.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Micrometer.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Nanoparticle.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Nanoparticles.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Nitric_oxide.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Peroxynitrite.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Prostaglandin.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Prostaglandins.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Radiation.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Smooth_muscle.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Smooth_muscle_tissue.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Tumor_necrosis_factor.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Tumor_necrosis_factors.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLink Vascular_endothelial_growth_factor.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLinkText "EPR effect".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLinkText "Enhanced permeability and retention effect".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageWikiLinkText "enhanced permeability and retention effect".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect hasPhotoCollection Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect subject Category:Oncology.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect hypernym Property.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect type Article.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect type Building.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect type Article.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect type Specialty.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect comment "The enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect is the property by which certain sizes of molecules (typically liposomes, nanoparticles, and macromolecular drugs) tend to accumulate in tumor tissue much more than they do in normal tissues. The general explanation that is given for this phenomenon is that, in order for tumor cells to grow quickly, they must stimulate the production of blood vessels. VEGF and other growth factors are involved in cancer angiogenesis.".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect label "Enhanced permeability and retention effect".
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect sameAs EPR-Effekt_(Pharmakologie).
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect sameAs m.0cg1wz.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect sameAs Učinek_povečane_prepustnosti_in_zadrževanja.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect sameAs Q1275685.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect sameAs Q1275685.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect wasDerivedFrom Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect?oldid=680086106.
- Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect isPrimaryTopicOf Enhanced_permeability_and_retention_effect.