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• Edgar_Buckingham abstract "Edgar Buckingham (July 8, 1867 Philadelphia, PA– April 29, 1940 Washington DC) was a physicist.He graduated from Harvard with a bachelor's degree in physics in 1887. He did additional graduate work at the University of Strasbourg and the University of Leipzig, where he studied under chemist Wilhelm Ostwald. Buckingham received a PhD from Leipzig in 1893. He worked at the USDA Bureau of Soils from 1902 to 1906 as a soil physicist. He worked at the (US) National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or NIST) 1906-1937. His fields of expertise included soil physics, gas properties, acoustics, fluid mechanics, and blackbody radiation. He is also the originator of the Buckingham π theorem in the field of dimensional analysis.In 1923, Edgar Buckingham published a report which voiced skepticism that jet propulsion would be economically competitive with prop driven aircraft at low altitudes and at the speeds of that period.Buckingham's first work on soil physics is on soil aeration, particularly the loss of carbon dioxide from the soil and its subsequent replacement by oxygen. From his experiments he found that the rate of gas diffusion in soil was not dependent significantly on the soil structure, compactness or water content of the soil. Using an empirical formula based on his data, Buckingham was able to give the diffusion coefficient as a function of air content. This relation is still commonly cited in many modern textbooks and used in modern research. The outcomes of his research on gas transport were to conclude that the exchange of gases in soil aeration takes place by diffusion and is sensibly independent of the variations of the outside barometric pressure.Buckingham then worked on soil water, research for which he is now renowned. Buckingham’s work on soil water is published in Bulletin 38 USDA Bureau of Soils: Studies on the movement of soil moisture, which was released in 1907. This document contained three sections, the first of which looked at evaporation of water from below a layer of soil. He found that soils of various textures could strongly inhibit evaporation, particularly where capillary flow through the uppermost layers was prevented. The second section of Bulletin 38 looked at the drying of soils under arid and humid conditions. Buckingham found evaporative losses were initially higher from the arid soil, then after three days the evaporation under arid conditions became less than under humid conditions, with the total loss ending up greater from the humid soil. Buckingham believed this occurred due to the self-mulching behaviour (he referred to it as the soil forming a natural mulch) exhibited by the soil under arid conditions.The third section of Bulletin 38 contains the work on unsaturated flow and capillary action for which Buckingham is famous. He firstly recognized the importance of the potential of the forces arising from interactions between soil and water. He called this the capillary potential, this is now known as the moisture or water potentialmatric potential. He combined capillary theory and an energy potential in soil physics theory, and was the first to expound the dependence of soil hydraulic conductivity on capillary potential. This dependence later came to be known as relative permeability in petroleum engineering. He also applied a formula equivalent to Darcy's law to unsaturated flow.".
• Edgar_Buckingham almaMater Leipzig_University.
• Edgar_Buckingham birthDate "1867-07-08".
• Edgar_Buckingham birthPlace Pennsylvania.
• Edgar_Buckingham birthPlace Philadelphia.
• Edgar_Buckingham birthYear "1867".
• Edgar_Buckingham deathDate "1940-04-29".
• Edgar_Buckingham deathYear "1940".
• Edgar_Buckingham doctoralAdvisor Wilhelm_Ostwald.
• Edgar_Buckingham field Physics.
• Edgar_Buckingham knownFor Buckingham_π_theorem.
• Edgar_Buckingham thumbnail Edgar_Buckingham_by_Pach_Brothers_c1886.jpg?width=300.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageExternalLink 328.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageID "3181845".
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageLength "6652".
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageOutDegree "42".
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageRevisionID "660330568".
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Acoustics.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Black-body_radiation.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Blackbody_radiation.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Buckingham_π_theorem.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Bulk_density.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Capillary.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Capillary_action.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:1867_births.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:1940_deaths.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_physicists.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bryn_Mawr_College_faculty.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:Harvard_University_alumni.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:Leipzig_University_alumni.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_from_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:Soil_scientists.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Strasbourg_alumni.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Category:University_of_Wisconsin–Madison_faculty.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Darcys_law.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Evaporation.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Fluid_mechanics.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Gas_diffusion_in_soil.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Leipzig_University.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink National_Bureau_of_Standards.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Pennsylvania.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Philadelphia.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Physicist.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Physics.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Science_attaché.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Soil_gas.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Soil_moisture.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Soil_physics.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Soil_structure.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Leipzig.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink University_of_Strasbourg.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Water_content.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Water_potential.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLink Wilhelm_Ostwald.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLinkText "Buckingham".
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageWikiLinkText "Edgar Buckingham".
• Edgar_Buckingham almaMater Leipzig_University.
• Edgar_Buckingham almaMater University_of_Leipzig.
• Edgar_Buckingham birthDate "1867-07-08".
• Edgar_Buckingham birthPlace Pennsylvania.
• Edgar_Buckingham birthPlace Philadelphia.
• Edgar_Buckingham caption "Edgar Buckingham c1886".
• Edgar_Buckingham dateOfBirth "1867-07-08".
• Edgar_Buckingham dateOfDeath "1940-04-29".
• Edgar_Buckingham deathDate "1940-04-29".
• Edgar_Buckingham deathPlace "Washington DC, U.S.".
• Edgar_Buckingham doctoralAdvisor Wilhelm_Ostwald.
• Edgar_Buckingham field Physics.
• Edgar_Buckingham hasPhotoCollection Edgar_Buckingham.
• Edgar_Buckingham knownFor Buckingham_π_theorem.
• Edgar_Buckingham name "Buckingham, Edgar".
• Edgar_Buckingham name "Edgar Buckingham".
• Edgar_Buckingham nationality "U.S.".
• Edgar_Buckingham placeOfBirth Pennsylvania.
• Edgar_Buckingham placeOfBirth Philadelphia.
• Edgar_Buckingham placeOfDeath "Washington DC, U.S.".
• Edgar_Buckingham residence "U.S.".
• Edgar_Buckingham shortDescription "American physicist".
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_scientist.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
• Edgar_Buckingham wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
• Edgar_Buckingham workInstitution National_Bureau_of_Standards.
• Edgar_Buckingham workInstitution National_Institute_of_Standards_and_Technology.
• Edgar_Buckingham description "American physicist".
• Edgar_Buckingham description "American physicist".
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:1867_births.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:1940_deaths.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:American_physicists.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:Bryn_Mawr_College_faculty.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:Harvard_University_alumni.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:Leipzig_University_alumni.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:People_from_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:Soil_scientists.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:University_of_Strasbourg_alumni.
• Edgar_Buckingham subject Category:University_of_Wisconsin–Madison_faculty.
• Edgar_Buckingham hypernym Physicist.
• Edgar_Buckingham type Agent.
• Edgar_Buckingham type Article.

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