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- Diagonal_relationship abstract "A diagonal relationship is said to exist between certain pairs of diagonally adjacent elements in the second and third periods of the periodic table. These pairs (lithium (Li) and magnesium (Mg), beryllium (Be) and aluminium (Al), boron (B) and silicon (Si) etc.) exhibit similar properties; for example, boron and silicon are both semiconductors, forming halides that are hydrolysed in water and have acidic oxides.Such relationship occurs because crossing and descending the periodic table have opposite effects. On moving across a period of the periodic table, the size of the atoms decreases, and on moving down a group the size of the atoms increases. Similarly, on moving across the period, the elements become progressively more covalent, less basic and more electronegative, whereas on moving down the group the elements become more ionic, more basic and less electronegative. Thus, on both descending a group and crossing the period by one element, the changes "cancel" each other out, and elements with similar properties which have similar chemistry are often found – the atomic size, electronegativity, properties of compounds (and so forth) of the diagonal members are similar.It is found that the chemistry of a first-row (second period) element often has similarities to the chemistry of the second-row (third period) element being one column to the right of it in the periodic table. Thus, the chemistry of Li has similarities to that of Mg, the chemistry of Be has similarities to that of Al, and the chemistry of B has similarities to that of Si. These are called diagonal relationships. (NB: It is not as noticeable after B and Si)The reasons for the existence of diagonal relationships are not fully understood, but charge density is a factor. For example, Li+ is a small cation with a +1 charge and Mg2+ is somewhat larger with a +2 charge, so the charge density on each ion is roughly the same.Using the Li–Mg pair:(under room temperature and pressure) Li and Mg form only normal oxides whereas Na forms peroxide and metals below Na, in addition, form superoxides. Li is the only Group 1 element which forms a stable nitride, Li3N. Mg, as well as other Group 2 elements, also form nitrides. Lithium carbonate, phosphate and fluoride are sparingly soluble in water. The corresponding Group 2 salts are insoluble. (Think lattice and solvation energies). Both Li and Mg form covalent organometallic compounds. LiMe and MgMe2 (cf. Grignard reagents) are both valuable synthetic reagents. The other Group 1 and Group 2 analogues are ionic and extremely reactive (and hence difficult to manipulate). Chlorides of both Li and Mg are deliquescent (absorb moisture from surroundings) and soluble in alcohol and pyridine. Lithium chloride, like magnesium chloride (MgCl2.6H2O) separates out from hydrated crystal LiCl.2H2O.↑ 1.0 1.1 ↑".
- Diagonal_relationship thumbnail Pictorial_representation_of_diagonal_relationship-_2013-08-27_00-11.jpg?width=300.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageID "9421870".
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageLength "3690".
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageOutDegree "16".
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageRevisionID "643175730".
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Aluminium.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Atom.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Beryllium.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Boron.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Category:Inorganic_chemistry.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_element.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Covalent.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Covalent_bond.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Electronegativity.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Grignard_reaction.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Grignard_reagents.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Ion.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Lithium.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Magnesium.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Periodic_table.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Semiconductor.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink Silicon.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLink File:Pictorial_representation_of_diagonal_relationship-_2013-08-27_00-11.jpg.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLinkText "When atoms are so evenly matched".
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLinkText "diagonal relationship".
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageWikiLinkText "diagonal similarities".
- Diagonal_relationship hasPhotoCollection Diagonal_relationship.
- Diagonal_relationship wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Diagonal_relationship subject Category:Inorganic_chemistry.
- Diagonal_relationship type Article.
- Diagonal_relationship type Article.
- Diagonal_relationship comment "A diagonal relationship is said to exist between certain pairs of diagonally adjacent elements in the second and third periods of the periodic table.".
- Diagonal_relationship label "Diagonal relationship".
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs علاقة_قطرية.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs Schrägbeziehung_im_Periodensystem.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs Relation_diagonale.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs Relazione_diagonale.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs m.0288646.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs Дијагонални_ефекат.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs Q386039.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs Q386039.
- Diagonal_relationship sameAs 对角线规则.
- Diagonal_relationship wasDerivedFrom Diagonal_relationship?oldid=643175730.
- Diagonal_relationship depiction Pictorial_representation_of_diagonal_relationship-_2013-08-27_00-11.jpg.
- Diagonal_relationship isPrimaryTopicOf Diagonal_relationship.