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- David_Hume abstract "David Hume (/ˈhjuːm/; 7 May 1711 NS (26 April 1711 OS) – 25 August 1776) was a Scottish philosopher, historian, economist, and essayist, who is best known today for his highly influential system of radical philosophical empiricism, skepticism, and naturalism.Hume's empiricist approach to philosophy places him with John Locke, George Berkeley, Francis Bacon, and Thomas Hobbes as a British Empiricist. Beginning with his A Treatise of Human Nature (1739), Hume strove to create a total naturalistic science of man that examined the psychological basis of human nature. Against rationalists, Hume held that passion rather than reason governs human behaviour. He argued against the existence of innate ideas, postulating that humans can have knowledge only of the objects of experience, and the relations of ideas, calling the rest "nothing but sophistry and illusion", a dichotomy later given the name Hume's fork. He also argued that inductive reasoning, and therefore causality, cannot, ultimately, be justified rationally: our belief in causality and induction instead results from custom, habit, and experience of "Constant conjunction" rather than logic. He denied that humans have an actual conception of the self, positing that we experience only a bundle of sensations, and that the self is nothing more than this bundle of causally-connected perceptions. Hume's compatibilist theory of free will takes causal determinism as fully compatible with human freedom, and has proved extremely influential on subsequent moral philosophy. Hume was also a sentimentalist who held that ethics are based on emotion or sentiment rather than abstract moral principle, famously proclaiming that "Reason Is and Ought Only to Be the Slave of the Passions". Contemporary scholars view Hume's moral theory as a unique attempt to synthesize the modern sentimentalist moral tradition to which Hume belonged, with the virtue ethics tradition of ancient philosophy, with which Hume concurred in regarding traits of character, rather than acts or their consequences, as ultimately the proper objects of moral evaluation. Hume's moral theory maintained an early commitment to naturalistic explanations of moral phenomena, and is usually taken to have first clearly expounded the is–ought problem, or the idea that a statement of fact alone can never give rise to a normative conclusion of what ought to be done.While Hume was derailed in his attempts to start a university career by protests over his "atheism," and bemoaned that his literary debut, A Treatise of Human Nature 'fell dead-born from the press', Hume nevertheless found literary success in his lifetime as an essayist, and a career as a librarian at the University of Edinburgh. His tenure there, and the access to research materials it provided, ultimately resulted in Hume's writing the massive six-volume The History of England, which became a bestseller and the standard history of England in its day. Hume described his lust for literary fame as his "ruling passion" and himself judged his two late works, the so-called "first" and "second" enquiries, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding and An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, respectively, to be his greatest literary and philosophical achievements, asking his contemporaries to judge him on the merits of the later texts alone, rather than the more radical formulations of his early, youthful work, dismissing his philosophical debut as juvenilia: "A work which the Author had projected before he left College." Nevertheless, despite Hume's protestations, a general consensus exists today that Hume's strongest and most important arguments, and most philosophically distinctive doctrines, are found in the original form they take in the Treatise, begun when Hume was just 23 years old, and now regarded as one of the most important works in the history of Western Philosophy. Hume has proved extremely influential on subsequent Western thought, especially on utilitarianism, logical positivism, William James, Immanuel Kant, the philosophy of science, early analytic philosophy, cognitive science, theology and other movements and thinkers.".
- David_Hume birthDate "1711-04-26".
- David_Hume birthPlace Edinburgh.
- David_Hume birthPlace Kingdom_of_Great_Britain.
- David_Hume birthPlace Scotland.
- David_Hume birthYear "0007".
- David_Hume birthYear "1711".
- David_Hume deathDate "1776-08-25".
- David_Hume deathPlace Edinburgh.
- David_Hume deathPlace Kingdom_of_Great_Britain.
- David_Hume deathPlace Scotland.
- David_Hume deathYear "1776".
- David_Hume era Age_of_Enlightenment.
- David_Hume influenced A._J._Ayer.
- David_Hume influenced Adam_Smith.
- David_Hume influenced Albert_Einstein.
- David_Hume influenced Alexander_Hamilton.
- David_Hume influenced Arthur_Schopenhauer.
- David_Hume influenced Baron_dHolbach.
- David_Hume influenced Benjamin_Franklin.
- David_Hume influenced Bertrand_Russell.
- David_Hume influenced Edmund_Husserl.
- David_Hume influenced Gilles_Deleuze.
- David_Hume influenced Immanuel_Kant.
- David_Hume influenced J._L._Mackie.
- David_Hume influenced James_Madison.
- David_Hume influenced Jerry_Fodor.
- David_Hume influenced John_Stuart_Mill.
- David_Hume influenced Karl_Popper.
- David_Hume influenced Noam_Chomsky.
- David_Hume influenced Simon_Blackburn.
- David_Hume influenced Thomas_Reid.
- David_Hume influenced William_James.
- David_Hume influencedBy Adam_Smith.
- David_Hume influencedBy Cicero.
- David_Hume influencedBy Francis_Hutcheson_(philosopher).
- David_Hume influencedBy George_Berkeley.
- David_Hume influencedBy Isaac_Newton.
- David_Hume influencedBy Jean-Jacques_Rousseau.
- David_Hume influencedBy John_Locke.
- David_Hume influencedBy Nicolas_Malebranche.
- David_Hume influencedBy René_Descartes.
- David_Hume influencedBy Thomas_Hobbes.
- David_Hume mainInterest Aesthetics.
- David_Hume mainInterest Classical_economics.
- David_Hume mainInterest Epistemology.
- David_Hume mainInterest Ethics.
- David_Hume mainInterest Metaphysics.
- David_Hume mainInterest Philosophy_of_mind.
- David_Hume mainInterest Philosophy_of_religion.
- David_Hume mainInterest Political_philosophy.
- David_Hume notableIdea Association_of_ideas.
- David_Hume notableIdea Bundle_theory.
- David_Hume notableIdea Causality.
- David_Hume notableIdea Inductive_reasoning.
- David_Hume notableIdea Is–ought_problem.
- David_Hume notableIdea Science_of_man.
- David_Hume notableIdea Utility.
- David_Hume philosophicalSchool Classical_liberalism.
- David_Hume philosophicalSchool Empiricism.
- David_Hume philosophicalSchool Moral_sense_theory.
- David_Hume philosophicalSchool Naturalism_(philosophy).
- David_Hume philosophicalSchool Philosophical_skepticism.
- David_Hume philosophicalSchool Scottish_Enlightenment.
- David_Hume region Western_philosophy.
- David_Hume thumbnail Painting_of_David_Hume.jpg?width=300.
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- David_Hume wikiPageExternalLink 1996PhD.pdf.