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- Cryochemistry abstract "Cryochemistry is derived from the Greek word cryos which means 'cold'. Thus, cryochemistry is the study of "cold chemistry", the study of chemical interactions at temperatures below -150°C. Cryochemistry overlaps with many other sciences, including chemistry, cryobiology, condensed matter physics, and even astrochemistry.Cryochemistry has been a topic of interest since liquid nitrogen(freezes at −210°C) became commonly available many years ago. Cryogenic temperature chemical interactions have been an important mechanism for studying the detailed pathways of chemical reactions by reducing the confusion introduced by thermal fluctuations. Cryochemistry forms the foundation for cryobiology, which used slowed or stopped biological processes for medical and research purposes.As a material cools, the relative motion of its component molecules/atoms decreases - its temperature decreases. Cooling can continue until all motion ceases, and its kinetic energy, or energy of motion, disappears. This condition is known as absolute zero and it forms the basis for the Kelvin temperature scale, which measures the temperature above absolute zero. Zero degrees Celsius (°C) coincides with 273 Kelvins.At absolute zero all matter has become a solid except helium, which becomes a highly unusual liquid. The chemistry between substances, however, does not disappear, even near absolute zero temperatures, since separated molecules/atom can always combine to lower their total energy. The study of cryochemistry is the exploration of chemistry at temperatures where the effects of thermal energy are often greatly reduced. Almost every molecule or element will show different properties at different temperatures. If cold enough, some functions are lost entirely. Cryogenic chemistry can lead to very different results compared with standard chemistry. Often new chemical routes to substances are available at cryogenic temperatures.A method that has been widely used and applied to cool molecules to temperatures near absolute zero is laser cooling. It is a process by which lasers are used to remove energy from electrons of a given molecule to slow or cool the molecule down. This method has applications in quantum mechanics and is related to particle traps and the Bose–Einstein condensation. All of these methods use a "trap" consisting of lasers pointed at opposite equatorial angles on a specific point in space. The wavelengths from the laser beams eventually hit the gaseous atoms and their outer spinning electrons. This clash of wavelengths decreases the kinetic energy state fraction by fraction to slow or cool the molecules down. Laser cooling has also been used to help improve atomic clocks and atom optics. Ultracold studies are not usually focused on chemical interactions, but rather on fundamental chemical properties.Because of the extremely low temperatures, diagnosing the chemical status is a major issue when studying low temperature physics and chemistry. The primary techniques in use today are optical - many types of spectroscopy are available, but these require special apparatus with vacuum windows that provide room temperature access to cryogenic processes.References in progress:"Cryocooling" and cold storage is currently a major commercial application of cryochemistry. Materials are preserved when cold because the biological processes of degradation are slowed or stopped. Cryotreatment of materials is also more and more widely used to alter important material properties such as hardness, or even the sound of musical instruments. Cryochemistry is of crucial importance in advanced chemical rocket propellants.".
- Cryochemistry wikiPageID "8769764".
- Cryochemistry wikiPageLength "4780".
- Cryochemistry wikiPageOutDegree "9".
- Cryochemistry wikiPageRevisionID "599772004".
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Absolute_zero.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Astrochemistry.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Bose–Einstein_condensate.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Bose–Einstein_condensation.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Category:Physical_chemistry.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Chemistry.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Condensed_matter_physics.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Cryobiology.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Kinetic_energy.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLink Quantum_mechanics.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cryochemistry".
- Cryochemistry hasPhotoCollection Cryochemistry.
- Cryochemistry wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Multiple_issues.
- Cryochemistry subject Category:Physical_chemistry.
- Cryochemistry type Article.
- Cryochemistry type Article.
- Cryochemistry comment "Cryochemistry is derived from the Greek word cryos which means 'cold'. Thus, cryochemistry is the study of "cold chemistry", the study of chemical interactions at temperatures below -150°C. Cryochemistry overlaps with many other sciences, including chemistry, cryobiology, condensed matter physics, and even astrochemistry.Cryochemistry has been a topic of interest since liquid nitrogen(freezes at −210°C) became commonly available many years ago.".
- Cryochemistry label "Cryochemistry".
- Cryochemistry sameAs كيمياء_الحرارة_المنخفضة.
- Cryochemistry sameAs m.027j2m8.
- Cryochemistry sameAs Криохимия.
- Cryochemistry sameAs Q4118971.
- Cryochemistry sameAs Q4118971.
- Cryochemistry wasDerivedFrom Cryochemistry?oldid=599772004.
- Cryochemistry isPrimaryTopicOf Cryochemistry.