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• Convention_of_Constantinople abstract "The Convention of Constantinople was a treaty signed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on October 29, 1888. In the 1880s Britain had recently acquired physical control over the Suez Canal and Egypt. France, which had dominated the Canal and still controlled the majority of shares of Suez Canal Company, hoped to weaken British control and attempted to sway European opinion in favor of internationalizing the Canal. The two powers compromised by neutralizing the canal through this treaty. Article I, guaranteeing passage to all ships during war and peace was in tension with Article X, which allowed the Khedive to take measures for "the defence of Egypt and the maintenance of public order." The latter clause was used to defend their actions by the British in the Second World War and by Egypt against Israeli shipping after 1948. However, Britain accepted the treaty reluctantly and only with serious reservations:The delegates of Great Britain, in offering this text as the definitive rule to secure the free use of the Suez Canal believe it is their duty to announce a general reservation as to the applicability of its provisions in so far as they are incompatible with the transitory and exceptional state in which Egypt is actually found and so far as they might fetter the liberty of action of the government during the occupation of Egypt by the British forces.France accepted the reservation, but in accordance with international law at the time, noted that this made the treaty a "technically inoperative" "academic declaration." The reservation was only removed by the Entente Cordiale between Britain and France, and the convention finally came into force in 1904. The Entente stipulated that the functioning of the international supervisory commission described in article 8 would "remain in abeyance." However, for the next forty years, British actions would be largely in the spirit of the abandoned reservation. On August 5, 1914 at the beginning of the First World War, Egypt declared that the canal would be open to ships of all nations, but Britain converted its occupation into a British Protectorate, and barred Canal access to enemy ships. Citing the security of the Canal, Britain attempted to maintain its prerogatives in unilateral declarations.The signatories comprised all the great European powers at the time, and the treaty was interpreted as a guaranteed right of passage of all ships through the Suez Canal during war and peace.".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageExternalLink books?output=html&id=7fo0AAAAIAAJ&dq=Barclay+Thomas+Problems+of+International+Practice+and+Diplomacy&jtp=308.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageID "1834511".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageLength "4996".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageOutDegree "39".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageRevisionID "647656486".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Austria-Hungary.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Austro-Hungary.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Category:1888_in_Egypt.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Category:1888_treaties.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Category:Suez_Canal.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Category:Treaties_entered_into_force_in_1904.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Egypt.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Entente_Cordiale.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Europe.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink First_World_War.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink France.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink French_language.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Germany.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Israel.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Istanbul.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Italy.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Khedive.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Netherlands.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Ottoman_Empire.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Peace.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Russian_Empire.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Second_World_War.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Ship.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Spain.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Suez_Canal.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Suez_Canal_Company.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink Treaty.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink United_Kingdom.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink War.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink World_War_I.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLink World_War_II.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLinkText "Constantinople Convention of 1888".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLinkText "Convention of Constantinople".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageWikiLinkText "Suez Canal agreement".
• Convention_of_Constantinople dateDraft "1888-03-02".
• Convention_of_Constantinople dateEffective "--12-22".
• Convention_of_Constantinople dateExpiration "N/A".
• Convention_of_Constantinople dateSigned "1888-10-29".
• Convention_of_Constantinople depositor "Ottoman Empire".
• Convention_of_Constantinople hasPhotoCollection Convention_of_Constantinople.
• Convention_of_Constantinople language French_language.
• Convention_of_Constantinople locationSigned Istanbul.
• Convention_of_Constantinople name "Convention of Constantinople".
• Convention_of_Constantinople signatories "United Kingdom, Germany, Austro-Hungary, the Netherlands, Spain, France, Russian Empire, and the Ottoman Empire".
• Convention_of_Constantinople type "Multilateral trade treaty".
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_book.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_Treaty.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Suez_Canal.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Wikisource.
• Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:1888_in_Egypt.
• Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:1888_treaties.
• Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:Suez_Canal.
• Convention_of_Constantinople subject Category:Treaties_entered_into_force_in_1904.
• Convention_of_Constantinople hypernym Treaty.
• Convention_of_Constantinople type Article.
• Convention_of_Constantinople type Organisation.
• Convention_of_Constantinople type Work.
• Convention_of_Constantinople type Article.
• Convention_of_Constantinople type Work.
• Convention_of_Constantinople comment "The Convention of Constantinople was a treaty signed by the United Kingdom, Germany, Austro-Hungary, Spain, France, Italy, the Netherlands, Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire on October 29, 1888. In the 1880s Britain had recently acquired physical control over the Suez Canal and Egypt.".
• Convention_of_Constantinople label "Convention of Constantinople".
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs اتفاقية_القسطنطينية.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs اتفاقية_القسطنطينيه.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Konstantinopolská_konvence.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Konvention_von_Konstantinopel.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Convención_de_Constantinopla.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Convention_de_Constantinople_(1888).
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs אמנת_קושטא.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs スエズ運河の自由航行に関する条約.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Conventie_van_Constantinopel.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Convenção_de_Constantinopla.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs m.05_ny2.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Konstantinopelkonventionen.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs อนุสัญญาคอนสแตนติโนเปิล.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs İstanbul_Anlaşması.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Конвенція_про_Суецький_канал.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Q761454.
• Convention_of_Constantinople sameAs Q761454.
• Convention_of_Constantinople wasDerivedFrom Convention_of_Constantinople?oldid=647656486.
• Convention_of_Constantinople isPrimaryTopicOf Convention_of_Constantinople.