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- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East abstract "The chronology of the ancient Near East provides a framework of dates for various events, rulers and dynasties. Individual inscriptions and texts customarily record events in terms of a succession of officials or rulers, taking forms like "in the year X of king Y". Thus by piecing together many records a relative chronology is arrived at, relating dates in cities over a wide area. For the first millennium BC, the relative chronology can be tied to actual calendar years by identifying significant astronomical events. An inscription from the tenth year of Assyrian king Ashur-Dan III refers to an eclipse of the sun, and astronomical calculations among the range of possible dates identify the eclipse as having occurred 15 June 763 BCE. The date can be corroborated with other mentions of astronomical events and a secure absolute chronology established, that ties the relative chronologies into our calendar.For the third and second millennia, the correlation is not so fixed. A key document is the Venus tablet of Ammisaduqa, preserving record of astronomical observations of Venus, as preserved in numerous cuneiform tablets during the reign of the Babylonian king Ammisaduqa, known to be the fourth ruler after Hammurabi in the relative calendar. In the series, the conjunction of the rise of Venus with the new moon provides a fixed point, or rather three fixed points, for the conjunction is a periodic occurrence. Astronomical calculation can therefore fix, for example, the first dates of the reign of Hammurabi in this manner either as 1848, 1792, or 1736 BC, depending on whether the "high" (or "long"), "middle" or "low (or short) chronology" is followed.For the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC, the following periods can be distinguished:Early Bronze Age: A series of rulers and dynasties whose existence is based mostly on the Sumerian King List besides some that are attested epigraphically (e. g., En-me-barage-si). No absolute dates within a certainty better than a century can be assigned to this period.Middle to Late Bronze Age: Beginning with the Akkadian Empire around 2300 BC, the chronological evidence becomes internally more consistent. Essentially, for this period, a good picture can be drawn of who succeeded whom, and synchronisms between Mesopotamia, the Levant and the more robust chronology of Ancient Egypt can be established. The assignment of absolute dates is a matter of dispute; the conventional middle chronology fixes the sack of Babylon at 1595 BC while the short chronology fixes it at 1531 BC.The Bronze Age collapse: a "Dark Age" begins with the fall of Babylonian Dynasty III (Kassite) around 1200 BC, the invasions of the Sea Peoples and the collapse of the Hittite Empire.Early Iron Age: around 900 BC, historical data, written records become more numerous once more, with the rise of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, enabling the certain assignment of absolute dates. Classical sources such as the Canon of Ptolemy, the works of Berossus and the Hebrew Bible provide chronological support and synchronisms. An eclipse in 763 BC anchors the Assyrian list of imperial officials.".
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East thumbnail Mesopotamian_Chronology_2-2011-29-03.png?width=300.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageExternalLink etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageExternalLink cdli.ucla.edu.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageExternalLink israel.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageExternalLink chron00.html.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageID "26289316".
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- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageRevisionID "678768581".
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink 2nd_millennium_BC.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink 3rd_millennium_BC.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Absolute_dating.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Akhenaten.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Akkadian_Empire.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Amarna_letters.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Amenhotep_III.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ammi-Saduqa.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ammisaduqa.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Annum.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ashur-Dan_III.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ashur-dan_III.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ashur-uballit_I.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ashuruballit_I.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Assyria.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Assyrian_King_List.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Assyrian_eclipse.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Babylonia.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Babylonian_King_List.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Kadesh.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Berossus.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Bronze_Age.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Bronze_Age_collapse.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Burna-Buriash_II.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Burnaburiash_II.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Canon_of_Kings.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Canon_of_Ptolemy.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Category:Ancient_Near_East.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Category:Assyriology.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Category:Chronology.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Category:Fertile_Crescent.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Western_Asia.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_the_Middle_East.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Chronicle_P.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Chronology.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Chronology_of_Ancient_Egypt.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Cuneiform.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Cyprus.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Delta_T.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Dendrochronology.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Early_Bronze_Age.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Early_Iron_Age.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ebla.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Egyptian_chronology.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink En-me-barage-si.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Enmebaragesi.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Epigraphy.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Hammurabi.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Hattusili_III.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Hebrew_Bible.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Hittite_Empire.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Hittites.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Indus_River.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Indus_Valley.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Indus_Valley_Civilization.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Iron_Age.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Kadashman-Enlil_I.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Kassites.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Lagash.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Late_Bronze_Age.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Late_Bronze_Age_collapse.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Laurence_Waddell.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Levant.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Limmu.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Assyrian_kings.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink List_of_Mesopotamian_dynasties.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink List_of_kings_of_Babylon.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Meluhha.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Mesopotamia.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Middle_Bronze_Age.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Middle_Chronology.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Middle_chronology.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Minoan_eruption.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Mitanni.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Muwatalli_II.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Neo-Assyrian_Empire.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Periodic_function.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ramesses_II.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Ramses_II.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Relative_dating.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Sack_of_Babylon.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Sea_Peoples.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Short_chronology_timeline.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Shulgi.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Shuttarna_II.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Sumerian_King_List.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Third_Babylonian_Dynasty.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Third_Dynasty_of_Ur.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Thutmose_I.
- Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East wikiPageWikiLink Tushratta.