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- Chromium_toxicity abstract "Chromium toxicity refers to the fact that chromium is toxic.Water-insoluble chromium(III) compounds and chromium metal are not considered a health hazard, while the toxicity and carcinogenic properties of chromium(VI) have been known for a long time. An actual investigation into hexavalent chromium release into drinking water was the basis of the plot of the motion picture Erin Brockovich.Because of the specific transport mechanisms, only limited amounts of chromium(III) enter the cells. Several in vitro studies indicated that high concentrations of chromium(III) in the cell can lead to DNA damage. Acute oral toxicity ranges between 1900 and 3300 µg/kg. The proposed beneficial effects of chromium(III) and its use in dietary supplements yielded some controversial results, but recent reviews suggest that moderate uptake of chromium(III) through dietary supplements poses no risk.The World Health Organization-recommended maximum allowable concentration in drinking water for chromium (VI) is 0.05 milligrams per litre. Hexavalent chromium is also one of the substances whose use is restricted by the European Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive.The LD50 for chromium(VI) ranges between 50 and 150 mg/kg. In the body, chromium(VI) is reduced by several mechanisms to chromium(III) already in the blood before it enters the cells. The chromium(III) is excreted from the body, whereas the chromate ion is transferred into the cell by a transport mechanism, one by which sulfate and phosphate ions also enter the cell. The acute toxicity of chromium(VI) is due to its strong oxidative properties. After it reaches the bloodstream, it damages blood cells by oxidation reactions. Hemolysis, and subsequently kidney and liver failure, are the results of this damage. Aggressive dialysis can improve the situation.The carcinogenity of chromate dust has been known for a long time, and in 1890 the first publication described the elevated cancer risk of workers in a chromate dye company.Three mechanisms have been proposed to describe the genotoxicity of chromium(VI). The first mechanism includes highly reactive hydroxyl radicals and other reactive radicals which are byproducts of the reduction of chromium(VI) to chromium(III). The second process includes the direct binding of chromium(V), produced by reduction in the cell, and chromium(IV) compounds, to the DNA. The last mechanism attributes the genotoxicity to the binding to the DNA of the end product of the chromium(III) reduction.Chromium salts (chromates) are also the cause of allergic reactions in some people. Chromates are often used to manufacture, among other things, leather products, paints, cement, mortar, and anti-corrosives. Contact with products containing chromates can lead to allergic contact dermatitis and irritant dermatitis, resulting in ulceration of the skin, sometimes referred to as "chrome ulcers". This condition is often found in workers that have been exposed to strong chromate solutions in electroplating, tanning and chrome-producing manufacturers.In some parts of Russia, pentavalent chromium was reported as one of the causes of premature dementia.".
- Chromium_toxicity icd10 "T56.2".
- Chromium_toxicity icd9 "985.6".
- Chromium_toxicity thumbnail Cr-TableImage.png?width=300.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageID "27103954".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageLength "11586".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageOutDegree "38".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageRevisionID "657469700".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Aerospace.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Allergic_reaction.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Allergy.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Automobile.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Brownfield_land.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Car.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Carcinogen.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Carcinogenity.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Category:Toxic_effects_of_metals.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Chromate.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Chromate_and_dichromate.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Chromium.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Contact_dermatitis.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink DNA.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink DNA_damage.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink DNA_repair.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Dementia.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Dialysis.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Dietary_supplement.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Dye.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Environmental_cleanup.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Environmental_remediation.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Erin_Brockovich_(film).
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Genotoxicity.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Groundwater.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Hemolysis.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Hydroxyl_radical.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Kidney.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Kilogram.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink LD50.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Leather.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Litre.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Maximum_allowable_concentration.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Median_lethal_dose.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Milligram.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Oxidation.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Paint.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Phosphate.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Primer_(paint).
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Redox.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Renal.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Restriction_of_Hazardous_Substances_Directive.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Russia.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Sulfate.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Tanning.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink Threshold_limit_value.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLink World_Health_Organization.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLinkText "Chromium and its compounds".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLinkText "Chromium toxicity".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLinkText "Chromium".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLinkText "Toxic effect of chromium".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLinkText "chromium poisoning".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageWikiLinkText "chromium toxicity".
- Chromium_toxicity caption Chromium.
- Chromium_toxicity hasPhotoCollection Chromium_toxicity.
- Chromium_toxicity icd "985.6".
- Chromium_toxicity icd "T56.2".
- Chromium_toxicity name "Chromium toxicity".
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Infobox_disease.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Poisoning_and_toxicity.
- Chromium_toxicity wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Chromium_toxicity subject Category:Toxic_effects_of_metals.
- Chromium_toxicity hypernym Compounds.
- Chromium_toxicity type ChemicalCompound.
- Chromium_toxicity type Disease.
- Chromium_toxicity type Effect.
- Chromium_toxicity type Thing.
- Chromium_toxicity type Q12136.
- Chromium_toxicity comment "Chromium toxicity refers to the fact that chromium is toxic.Water-insoluble chromium(III) compounds and chromium metal are not considered a health hazard, while the toxicity and carcinogenic properties of chromium(VI) have been known for a long time. An actual investigation into hexavalent chromium release into drinking water was the basis of the plot of the motion picture Erin Brockovich.Because of the specific transport mechanisms, only limited amounts of chromium(III) enter the cells.".
- Chromium_toxicity label "Chromium toxicity".
- Chromium_toxicity sameAs m.0bs08jg.
- Chromium_toxicity sameAs Q5113833.
- Chromium_toxicity sameAs Q5113833.
- Chromium_toxicity wasDerivedFrom Chromium_toxicity?oldid=657469700.
- Chromium_toxicity depiction Cr-TableImage.png.
- Chromium_toxicity isPrimaryTopicOf Chromium_toxicity.
- Chromium_toxicity name "Chromium toxicity".