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- Christian_of_Oliva abstract "Christian of Oliva (Polish: Christian z Oliwy), also Christian of Prussia (German: Christian von Preußen) (died 4 December(?) 1245) was the first missionary bishop of Prussia. Christian was born about 1180 in the Duchy of Pomerania, possibly in the area of Chociwel (according to Johannes Voigt). Probably as a juvenile he joined the Cistercian Order at newly established Kołbacz (Kolbatz) Abbey and in 1209 entered Oliwa Abbey near Gdańsk, founded in 1178 by the Samboride dukes of Pomerelia. At this time the Piast duke Konrad I of Masovia with the consent of Pope Innocent III had started the first of several unsuccessful Prussian Crusades into the adjacent Chełmno Land and Christian acted as a missionary among the Prussians east of the Vistula River. In 1215 he is recorded as abbot of Łekno Abbey near Gniezno in Greater Poland, most but not all authors identify him with Godfrey of Łękno. In 1209, Christian was commissioned by the Pope to be responsible for the Prussian missions between the Vistula and Neman Rivers and in 1212 he was appointed bishop. In 1215 he went to Rome in order to report to the Curia on the condition and prospects of his mission, and was consecrated first "Bishop of Prussia" at the Fourth Council of the Lateran. His seat as a bishop remained at Oliwa Abbey on the western side of the Vistula, whereas the pagan Prussian (later East Prussian) territory was on the eastern side of it.The attempts by Konrad of Masovia to subdue the Prussian lands had picked long-term and intense border quarrels, whereby the Polish lands of Masovia, Cuyavia and even Greater Poland became subject to continuous Prussian raids. Bishop Christian asked the new Pope Honorius III for the consent to start another Crusade, however a first campaign in 1217 proved a failure and even the joint efforts by Duke Konrad with the Polish High Duke Leszek I the White and Duke Henry I the Bearded of Silesia in 122/23 only led to the reconquest of Chełmno Land but did not stop the Prussian invasions. At least Christian was able to establish the Diocese of Chełmno east of the Vistula, adopting the episcopal rights from the Masovian Bishop of Płock, confirmed by both Duke Konrad and the Pope.Duke Konrad of Masovia still was not capable to end the Prussian attacks on his territory and in 1224 began to conduct negotiations with the Teutonic Knights under Grand Master Hermann von Salza in order to strengthen his forces. As von Salza initially hesitated to offer his services, Christian created the military Order of Dobrzyń (Fratres Milites Christi) in 1228, however to little avail.Meanwhile, von Salza had to abandon his hope to establish an Order's State in the Burzenland region of Transylvania, which had led to an éclat with King Andrew II of Hungary. He obtained a charter by Emperor Frederick II issued in the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, whereby Chełmno Land would be the unshared possession of the Teutonic Knights, which was confirmed by Duke Konrad of Masovia in the 1230 Treaty of Kruszwica. Christian ceded his possessions to the new State of the Teutonic Order and in turn was appointed Bishop of Chełmno the next year.Bishop Christian continued his mission in Sambia (Samland), where from 1233 to 1239 he was held captive by pagan Prussians, and freed in trade for five other hostages who then in turn were released for a ransom of 800 Marks, granted to him by Pope Gregory IX. He had to deal with the constant cut-back of his autonomy by the Knights and asked the Roman Curia for mediation. In 1243, the Papal legate William of Modena divided the Prussian lands of the Order's State into four dioceses, whereby the bishops retained the secular rule over about on third of the diocesan territory:Bishopric of Chełmno (Chełmno Land, Ziemia Chełminska)Bishopric of Pomesania (Pomesania)Bishopric of Warmia (Ermland) (state)/ Diocese of Warmia (ecclesiastical ambit)Bishopric of Samland (Sambia)all suffragan dioceses under the Archbishopric of Riga. Christian was supposed to choose one of them, but did not agree to the division. He possibly retired to the Cistercians Abbey in Sulejów, where he died before the conflict was solved.".
- Christian_of_Oliva deathDate "1245".
- Christian_of_Oliva deathYear "1245".
- Christian_of_Oliva thumbnail Bishop_Christian_Plaque_Grudziadz.JPG?width=300.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageExternalLink 03704a.htm.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageID "6689".
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageLength "5740".
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageOutDegree "66".
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageRevisionID "683492625".
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Andrew_II_of_Hungary.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Archbishopric_of_Riga.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Bishopric_of_Culm_(Chełmno).
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Bishopric_of_Pomesania.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Bishopric_of_Samland.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Burzenland.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Category:1245_deaths.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Category:13th-century_Roman_Catholic_bishops.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Category:Christians_of_the_Prussian_Crusade.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Category:German_Cistercians.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Category:People_from_Prussia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Category:Year_of_birth_unknown.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Chełmno_Land.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Chociwel.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Cistercians.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Cistercians_Abbey_in_Sulejów.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Greater_Poland.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Masovia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Duchy_of_Pomerania.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink East_Prussia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Fourth_Council_of_the_Lateran.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Frederick_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Gdańsk.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Gniezno.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Godfrey_of_Łękno.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Golden_Bull_of_Rimini.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Henry_I_the_Bearded.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Hermann_von_Salza.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Johannes_Voigt.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Poland_(1025–1385).
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Konrad_I_of_Masovia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Kołbacz.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Kujawy.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Leszek_I_the_White.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Leszek_the_White.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Mark_(currency).
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Mark_(money).
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Mission_(Christianity).
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Neman_(river).
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Neman_River.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Old_Prussians.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Oliwa.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Order_of_Dobrzyń.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Piast_dynasty.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Pomerelia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Pomesania.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Pomesanians.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Gregory_IX.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Honorius_III.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Pope_Innocent_III.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Prince-Bishopric_of_Warmia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Prussia_(region).
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Prussian_Crusade.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Catholic_Archdiocese_of_Warmia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Płock.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Curia.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Rome.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Sambia_Peninsula.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Samborides.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink State_of_the_Teutonic_Order.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Suffragan_diocese.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Sulejów_Abbey.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Teutonic_Knights.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Teutonic_Order.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Transylvania.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Vistula.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink William_of_Modena.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink Łekno,_Greater_Poland_Voivodeship.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink File:Bishop_Christian_Plaque_Grudziadz.JPG.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLink File:Prussian_clans_13th_century.png.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLinkText "Christian of Oliva".
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageWikiLinkText "Christian".
- Christian_of_Oliva dateOfDeath "1245".
- Christian_of_Oliva hasPhotoCollection Christian_of_Oliva.
- Christian_of_Oliva name "Christian of Oliva".
- Christian_of_Oliva shortDescription "German bishop".
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Authority_control.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-de.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Lang-pl.
- Christian_of_Oliva wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Persondata.
- Christian_of_Oliva description "German bishop".
- Christian_of_Oliva description "German bishop".
- Christian_of_Oliva subject Category:1245_deaths.
- Christian_of_Oliva subject Category:13th-century_Roman_Catholic_bishops.
- Christian_of_Oliva subject Category:Christians_of_the_Prussian_Crusade.
- Christian_of_Oliva subject Category:German_Cistercians.
- Christian_of_Oliva subject Category:People_from_Prussia.
- Christian_of_Oliva subject Category:Year_of_birth_unknown.
- Christian_of_Oliva hypernym Bishop.
- Christian_of_Oliva type Agent.
- Christian_of_Oliva type Article.