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- Chalk_stream abstract "Chalk streams are streams that flow through chalk hills towards the sea. They are typically wide, shallow, and due to the filtering effect of the chalk they are alkaline and clear. There are 210 chalk streams in the world, and 160 of those are in England. Chalk streams are popular with fly fishermen who fish for trout on these rivers.Chalk geology is porous, and rain falling onto chalk hills percolate directly into the ground, where the chalk acts as an aquifer. The water filters through the chalk, re-emerging lower down the slope in springs. The chalk acts as a temporary reservoir by regulating the amount of water supplied to the springs. This is why many chalk streams in the UK have stable flow regimes that vary only slightly over time. The temperature of the emerging surface water is fairly stable and rarely deviates from 10°C (50°F). On cold winter mornings, it can look as though steam is rising above the relatively warm river.Chalk is a soluble geology in rainwater because rain is naturally slightly acidic. The products of chalk weathering are dissolved in rainwater and are transported in stream flow. Chalk streams transport little suspended material (unlike most rivers), but are uniquely mineral-rich. The surface water of chalk streams is commonly described as 'gin clear'. The channel bed consists of angular flint gravel derived from the natural flint deposits found embedded within the chalk geology that is characteristically free from fine sediment deposits. The unique characteristics of chalk stream ecology are due to stable temperature and flow regimes combined with highly transparent water and lack of sand grade sediment particles. The chalk streams have been intensively managed for many generations. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, much of that management has been aimed at producing the best conditions for fly fishing, and most specifically, dry fly fishing. The chalk streams hold a good number of wild salmonid fish species such as the brown trout (Salmo trutta), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and grayling (Thymallus thymallus). In addition to these there are also considerable numbers of stocked brown trout and stocked rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The rich invertebrate life and characteristic transparent shallow water make chalk rivers and streams particularly suited to fly fishing.Many of the chalk stream springs are also used as sites for watercress production, due to the constant temperature and clean, alkaline, mineral-rich spring water. The Mid Hants Watercress Railway in Hampshire is so named on account of its use for transporting watercress to London from local chalk streams. A number of the chalk aquifers and associated groundwater sources related to chalk streams and rivers are used for water abstraction by local and national water utility companies. Although chalk streams are generally watercourses originating from chalk hills, including winterbournes, streams and rivers, the term chalk stream is used even for larger rivers, which would normally be too large for the term stream. Somme River is a chalk stream on a larger scale. Chalk streams of the Southern England Chalk Formation in Berkshire, Hampshire, Wiltshire, and Dorset:River Avon and its tributaries including the River BourneRiver EbbleRiver NadderRiver WylyeRiver FromeRiver Itchen and its small tributariesRiver Kennet River LambournLetcombe BrookRiver MeonRiver PiddleRiver Test and its tributaries Chalk streams of the Southern England Chalk Formation in the Chiltern Hills and Hertfordshire (tributaries of the River Thames, River Lea and River Colne):River AshBarton SpringsRiver BeaneRiver BulbourneRiver ChessRiver GadeHambleden BrookHughenden StreamRiver LeaRiver MimramRiver MisbourneRiver PangRiver QuinRiver RibRiver StortRiver VerChalk streams of the Yorkshire Wolds:Driffield Beck, which is a tributary of the River HullSettrington Beck, which is a tributary of the River DerwentChalk streams of Lincolnshire:There are several chalk streams in the Lincolnshire Wolds including Great Eau River Waring River Bain River Lymn River Lud, Laceby Beck,Nettleton Beck,Waithe Beck, Chalk streams of Kent:Nailbourne↑ ↑".
- Chalk_stream thumbnail Chalkstream.jpg?width=300.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageExternalLink AboutChalkStreams.asp?dom=Pal.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageExternalLink chalk-streams.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageExternalLink englands_chalk_streams.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageID "2648643".
- Chalk_stream wikiPageLength "6370".
- Chalk_stream wikiPageOutDegree "92".
- Chalk_stream wikiPageRevisionID "678036312".
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Abstraction.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Acid.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Acidic.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Alkaline.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Alkalinity.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Aquifer.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Atlantic_salmon.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Barton-le-Clay.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Berkshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Brown_trout.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Category:Water_streams.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Chalk.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Chalk_Formation.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Chalk_Group.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Chiltern_Hills.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Dorset.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Driffield_Beck.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink File:Cress.jpg.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Flint.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Fly_fishing.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Gravel.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Grayling_(species).
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Great_Eau.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Hambleden_Brook.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Hampshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Hertfordshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Hill.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Hughenden_Stream.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Invertebrate.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Letcombe_Brook.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Lincolnshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Lincolnshire_Wolds.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Little_Stour.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink London.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Louth_Navigation.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Mid_Hants_Watercress_Railway.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Mineral.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Percolate.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Percolation.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Rain.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Rainbow_trout.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Rainwater.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Reservoir.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Ash,_Hertfordshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Avon,_Hampshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Bain.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Beane.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Bourne,_Wiltshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Bulbourne.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Chess.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Colne,_Hertfordshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Derwent,_Yorkshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Ebble.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Frome,_Dorset.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Gade.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Hull.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Itchen,_Hampshire.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Kennet.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Lambourn.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Lea.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Lud.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Lymn.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Meon.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Mimram.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Misbourne.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Nadder.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Pang.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Piddle.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Quin.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Rib.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Somme.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Stort.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Test.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Thames.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Ver.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Waring.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink River_Wylye.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Sand.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Sediment.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Settrington_Beck.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Somme_River.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Southern_England_Chalk_Formation.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Spring_(hydrology).
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Spring_(hydrosphere).
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Steam.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Stream.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Suspension_(chemistry).
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Temperature.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Trout.
- Chalk_stream wikiPageWikiLink Water.