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- Cardinal_vowels abstract "Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. For instance, the vowel of the English word "feet" can be described with reference to cardinal vowel 1, [i], which is the cardinal vowel closest to it. It is often stated that to be able to use the cardinal vowel system effectively one must undergo training with an expert phonetician, working both on the recognition and the production of the vowels. Daniel Jones wrote "The values of cardinal vowels cannot be learnt from written descriptions; they should be learnt by oral instruction from a teacher who knows them".A cardinal vowel is a vowel sound produced when the tongue is in an extreme position, either front or back, high or low. The current system was systematised by Daniel Jones in the early 20th century, though the idea goes back to earlier phoneticians, notably Ellis and Bell.Cardinal vowels are not vowels of any particular language, but a measuring system. However, some languages contain vowel or vowels that are close to the cardinal vowel(s). An example of such language is Ngwe, which is spoken in West Africa. It has been cited as a language with a vowel system that has 8 vowels which are rather similar to the 8 primary cardinal vowels (Ladefoged 1971:67).Three of the cardinal vowels—[i], [ɑ] and [u]—have articulatory definitions. The vowel [i] is produced with the tongue as far forward and as high in the mouth as is possible (without producing friction), with spread lips. The vowel [u] is produced with the tongue as far back and as high in the mouth as is possible, with protruded lips. This sound can be approximated by adopting the posture to whistle a very low note, or to blow out a candle. And [ɑ] is produced with the tongue as low and as far back in the mouth as possible.The other vowels are 'auditorily equidistant' between these three 'corner vowels', at four degrees of aperture or 'height': close (high tongue position), close-mid, open-mid, and open (low tongue position).These degrees of aperture plus the front-back distinction define 8 reference points on a mixture of articulatory and auditory criteria. These eight vowels are known as the eight 'primary cardinal vowels', and vowels like these are common in the world's languages.The lip positions can be reversed with the lip position for the corresponding vowel on the opposite side of the front-back dimension, so that e.g. Cardinal 1 can be produced with rounding somewhat similar to that of Cardinal 9 (though normally compressed rather than protruded); these are known as 'secondary cardinal vowels'. Sounds such as these are claimed to be less common in the world's languages. Other vowel sounds are also recognised on the vowel chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet.".
- Cardinal_vowels thumbnail Cardinal_vowels-Jones_x-ray.jpg?width=300.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageExternalLink e_cardinal_vowels.html.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageID "6716".
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageLength "8580".
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageOutDegree "42".
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageRevisionID "665748646".
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Category:Vowels.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close-mid_back_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close-mid_front_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close_back_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close_back_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close_central_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close_central_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close_front_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Close_front_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Daniel_Jones_(phonetician).
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink English_language.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink File:IPA_Number_chart_(C)2005.pdf.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Help:IPA.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Index_of_phonetics_articles.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink International_Phonetic_Alphabet.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink International_Phonetic_Association.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink List_of_phonetics_topics.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Mid_front_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Ngwe_language.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open-mid_back_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open-mid_back_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open-mid_front_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open-mid_front_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open_back_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open_back_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open_front_rounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Open_front_unrounded_vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Roundedness.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Tongue.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink Vowel.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink West_Africa.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink File:Cardinal_vowel_chart-accurate(png).svg.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink File:Cardinal_vowel_chart-common(png).svg.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink File:Cardinal_vowel_tongue_position-back(png).svg.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink File:Cardinal_vowel_tongue_position-front.svg.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink File:Cardinal_vowels-Jones_x-ray.jpg.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLink File:Daniel_Joness_18_Cardinal_Vowels.svg.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cardinal Vowels".
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLinkText "Cardinal vowels".
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLinkText "cardinal vowels".
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageWikiLinkText "cardinal".
- Cardinal_vowels hasPhotoCollection Cardinal_vowels.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:IPA.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:IPA_notice.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:More_footnotes.
- Cardinal_vowels wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Cardinal_vowels subject Category:Vowels.
- Cardinal_vowels hypernym Set.
- Cardinal_vowels type Article.
- Cardinal_vowels type Article.
- Cardinal_vowels type Phonetic.
- Cardinal_vowels comment "Cardinal vowels are a set of reference vowels used by phoneticians in describing the sounds of languages. For instance, the vowel of the English word "feet" can be described with reference to cardinal vowel 1, [i], which is the cardinal vowel closest to it. It is often stated that to be able to use the cardinal vowel system effectively one must undergo training with an expert phonetician, working both on the recognition and the production of the vowels.".
- Cardinal_vowels label "Cardinal vowels".
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Vogalennoù_a_gentañ_renk.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Kardinální_vokály.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Hauptvokal.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Voyelle_cardinale.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Bunghutaí.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs 基本母音.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs 기본_모음.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs മാനസ്വരം.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs m.01z0_.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Kardinalvokal.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Q893304.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs Q893304.
- Cardinal_vowels sameAs 定位元音.
- Cardinal_vowels wasDerivedFrom Cardinal_vowels?oldid=665748646.
- Cardinal_vowels depiction Cardinal_vowels-Jones_x-ray.jpg.
- Cardinal_vowels isPrimaryTopicOf Cardinal_vowels.