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- Cactus abstract "A cactus (plural: cacti, cactuses, or cactus) is a member of the plant family Cactaceae within the order Caryophyllales. The word "cactus" derives, through Latin, from the Ancient Greek κάκτος, kaktos, a name originally used by Theophrastus for a spiny plant whose identity is not certain. Cacti occur in a wide range of shapes and sizes. Most cacti live in habitats subject to at least some drought. Many live in extremely dry environments, even being found in the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places on earth. Cacti show many adaptations to conserve water. Almost all cacti are succulents, meaning they have thickened, fleshy parts adapted to store water. Unlike many other succulents, the stem is the only part of most cacti where this vital process takes place. Most species of cacti have lost true leaves, retaining only spines, which are highly modified leaves. As well as defending against herbivores, spines help prevent water loss by reducing air flow close to the cactus and providing some shade. In the absence of leaves, enlarged stems carry out photosynthesis. Cacti are native to the Americas, ranging from Patagonia in the south to parts of western Canada in the north—except for Rhipsalis baccifera, which also grows in Africa and Sri Lanka.Cactus spines are produced from specialized structures called areoles, a kind of highly reduced branch. Areoles are an identifying feature of cacti. As well as spines, areoles give rise to flowers, which are usually tubular and multipetaled. Many cacti have short growing seasons and long dormancies, and are able to react quickly to any rainfall, helped by an extensive but relatively shallow root system that quickly absorb any water reaching the ground surface. Cactus stems are often ribbed or fluted, which allows them to expand and contract easily for quick water absorption after rain, followed by long drought periods. Like other succulent plants, most cacti employ a special mechanism called "crassulacean acid metabolism" (CAM) as part of photosynthesis. Transpiration, during which carbon dioxide enters the plant and water escapes, does not take place during the day at the same time as photosynthesis, but instead occurs at night. The plant stores the carbon dioxide it takes in as malic acid, retaining it until daylight returns, and only then using it in photosynthesis. Because transpiration takes place during the cooler, more humid night hours, water loss is significantly reduced.Many smaller cacti have globe-shaped stems, combining the highest possible volume for water storage, with the lowest possible surface area for water loss from transpiration. The tallest free-standing cactus is Pachycereus pringlei, with a maximum recorded height of 19.2 m (63 ft), and the smallest is Blossfeldia liliputiana, only about 1 cm (0.4 in) in diameter at maturity. A fully grown saguaro (Carnegiea gigantea) is said to be able to absorb as much as 200 U.S. gallons (760 l; 170 imp gal) of water during a rainstorm. A few species differ significantly in appearance from most of the family. At least superficially, plants of the genus Pereskia resemble other trees and shrubs growing around them. They have persistent leaves, and when older, bark-covered stems. Their areoles identify them as cacti, and in spite of their appearance, they, too, have many adaptations for water conservation. Pereskia is considered close to the ancestral species from which all cacti evolved. In tropical regions, other cacti grow as forest climbers and epiphytes (plants that grow on trees). Their stems are typically flattened, almost leaf-like in appearance, with fewer or even no spines, such as the well-known Christmas cactus or Thanksgiving cactus (in the genus Schlumbergera).Cacti have a variety of uses: many species are used as ornamental plants, others are grown for fodder or forage, and others for food (particularly their fruit). Cochineal is the product of an insect that lives on some cacti.".
- Cactus thumbnail Various_Cactaceae.jpg?width=300.
- Cactus wikiPageID "7819".
- Cactus wikiPageLength "96329".
- Cactus wikiPageOutDegree "426".
- Cactus wikiPageRevisionID "680436415".
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink 3-Phosphoglyceric_acid.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink 3-phosphoglycerate.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Africa.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Agave.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Aizoaceae.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Alberta.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Algeria.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Amazon_Basin.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Amazon_basin.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Americas.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Greek.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Andes.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Ant.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Antoine_Laurent_de_Jussieu.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Areole.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Areoles.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Argentina.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Ariocarpus.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Ariocarpus_kotschoubeyanus.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Arizona.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Astrophytum_capricorne.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Atacama_Desert.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Australia.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Australian_Weeds_Committee.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Auxin.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Axillary_bud.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Aztec.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Aztec_codices.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bark.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bark_(botany).
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bat.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bee.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Big_Bend_National_Park.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Biological_control.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Biological_pest_control.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bipolaris_cactivora.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bird.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bird_migration.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Blossfeldia.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Blossfeldia_liliputana.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Blossfeldia_liliputiana.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bolivia.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Botanical_garden.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Bract.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Branch.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Brazil.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink British_Columbia.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Browningia_candelaris.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink C3_carbon_fixation.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink CITES.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cactoblastis_cactorum.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cactoideae.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cactus_(disambiguation).
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cactus_fence.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cactus_virus_X.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink California.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Callus_(cell_biology).
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Canada.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Carbohydrate.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Carbon_dioxide.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cardoon.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Caribbean_Sea.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Carl_Linnaeus.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Carnegiea_gigantea.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Caryophyllales.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Category:Cacti.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Category:Priabonian_first_appearances.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Catholic_Church.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cellular_respiration.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Central_America.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cephalocereus.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cephalocereus_senilis.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cereus_(plant).
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cereus_repandus.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Chile.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Chlorophyll.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Chloroplast.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cladode.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cladogram.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Classification_of_the_Cactaceae.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cleistocactus.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cleistogamy.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Coastal_plain.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Coastal_plains.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Coat_of_arms_of_Mexico.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Cochineal.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Computational_phylogenetics.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Conserved_name.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Convention_on_International_Trade_in_Endangered_Species_of_Wild_Fauna_and_Flora.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Convergent_evolution.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Copiapoa.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Copiapoa_atacamensis.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Crassulacean_acid_metabolism.
- Cactus wikiPageWikiLink Crassulean_acid_metabolism.