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- Butyrivibrio abstract "Butyrivibrio is a genus of bacteria in Class Clostridia. Bacteria of this genus are common in the gastrointestinal systems of many animals. Genus Butyrivibrio was first described by Bryant and Small (1956) as anaerobic, butyric acid-producing, curved rods (or vibroids). Butyrivibrio cells are small, typically 0.4 – 0.6 µm by 2 – 5 µm. They are motile, using a single polar or subpolar monotrichous flagellum. They are commonly found singly or in short chains but it is not unusual for them to form long chains. Despite historically being described as Gram-negative, their cell walls contain derivatives of teichoic acid, and electron microscopy indicates that bacteria of this genus have a Gram-positive cell wall type. It is thought that they appear Gram-negative when Gram stained because their cell walls thin to 12 to 18 nm as they reach stationary phase.Butyrivibrio species are common in the rumens of ruminant animals such as cows, deer and sheep, where they are involved in a number of ruminal functions of agricultural importance in addition to butyrate production. These include fibre degradation, protein breakdown, biohydrogenation of lipids and the production of microbial inhibitors. Of particular importance to ruminant digestion, and therefore productivity, is their contribution to the degradation of plant structural carbohydrates, principally hemicellulose.Butyrivibrio species are metabolically versatile and are able to ferment a wide range of sugars and cellodextrins. Some strains have been reported to break down cellulose, although their ability to sustain growth on cellulose appears to be lost during in vitro culturing. Most isolates are amylolytic and are able to degrade xylan by producing xylanolytic and esterase enzymes. The induction of xylanase enzymes varies between strains; in group D1 strains (49, H17c, 12) xylanase expression appears to be constitutively expressed, while groups B1 (113) and C (CF3) are induced only by growth on xylan, and those of group B2 are induced by growth on xylan or arabinose.A number of genes encoding glycoside hydrolases (GH) have been identified in Butyrivibrio species including endocellulase (GH family 5 and 9); β-Glucosidase (GH family 3); endoxylanase (GH family 10 and 11); β-Xylosidase (GH family 43); and α-Amylase (GH family 13) enzymes. Several carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) have also been identified that are predicted to bind glycogen (CBM family 48); xylan or chitin (CBM family 2); and starch (CBM family 26).The Butyrivibrio genus encompasses over 60 strains that were originally confined to the species Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens based on their phenotypic and metabolic characteristics. However, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequences has divided the genus Butyrivibrio into six families. These families include the rumen isolates Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens, B. hungateii, B. proteoclasticus, Pseudobutyrivibrio xylanivorans, and P. ruminis and the human isolate B. crossotus. The families B. fibrisolvens, B. crossotus, B. hungateii as well as B. proteoclasticus all belong to the Clostridium sub-cluster XIVa.".
- Butyrivibrio class Clostridia.
- Butyrivibrio colourName "lightgrey".
- Butyrivibrio domain Bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio family Lachnospiraceae.
- Butyrivibrio order Clostridia.
- Butyrivibrio phylum Firmicutes.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageID "28312207".
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageLength "7328".
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageOutDegree "64".
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageRevisionID "585573499".
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Agriculture.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Alpha-Amylase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Alpha-amylase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Amylolytic_process.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Anaerobic_organism.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Arabinose.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Bacillus_(shape).
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Bacterial_growth.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Bacterium.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Beta-glucosidase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Butyrate.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Butyric_acid.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Butyrivibrio_fibrisolvens.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Butyrivibrio_proteoclasticus.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Carbohydrate-binding_module.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Category:Bacteria_genera.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Category:Gut_flora_bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Cattle.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Cell_wall.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Cellodextrin.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Cellulose.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Chitin.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Clostridia.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Clostridium.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Clostridium_aminophilum.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Cows.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Deer.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Electron_microscope.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Electron_microscopy.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Endocellulase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Endoxylanase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Esterase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Fermentation.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Fermentation_(biochemistry).
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Firmicutes.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Flagellum.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Full_genome_sequencing.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Gastrointestinal_system.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Glossary_of_gene_expression_terms.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Glycogen.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Glycoside_hydrolase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Gram-negative_bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Gram-positive_bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Hemicellulose.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Human_gastrointestinal_tract.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Hydrogenation.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink In_vitro.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Lachnospiraceae.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Linoleic_acid.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Lipid.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Micrometre.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Motility.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Nanometre.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Phenotype.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Phylogenetics.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Protein_catabolism.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Ribosomal_RNA.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Rumen.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Ruminant.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Sheep.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Stearic_acid.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Sugar.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Teichoic_acid.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Whole_genome_sequencing.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Xylan.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Xylanase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLink Xylosidase.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLinkText "Butyrivibrio".
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageWikiLinkText "butyrivibrio".
- Butyrivibrio classis Clostridia.
- Butyrivibrio color "lightgrey".
- Butyrivibrio domain Bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio domain Bacterium.
- Butyrivibrio familia Lachnospiraceae.
- Butyrivibrio genus "Butyrivibrio".
- Butyrivibrio genusAuthority "Bryant and Small".
- Butyrivibrio hasPhotoCollection Butyrivibrio.
- Butyrivibrio ordo "Clostridiales".
- Butyrivibrio phylum Firmicutes.
- Butyrivibrio subdivision "see text".
- Butyrivibrio subdivisionRanks "Species".
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Refimprove.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Butyrivibrio wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Taxobox.
- Butyrivibrio subject Category:Bacteria_genera.
- Butyrivibrio subject Category:Gut_flora_bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio hypernym Bacteria.
- Butyrivibrio type Article.