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- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 abstract "The Bonus Bill of 1817 was legislation proposed by John C. Calhoun to earmark the revenue "bonus", as well as future dividends, from the recently established Second Bank of the United States for an internal improvements fund. Opposition to the bill came from sectional rivalries in the older eastern states, fearing that providing the means for settlers to travel west would drain their population and create competing states in less settled areas, including the Louisiana Purchase, and from questions of the bill's constitutionality. Proponents of the bill stressed the nearly universally accepted need for improvements and brushed off strict constructionists with their own arguments in favor of "implied powers." Although President James Madison approved of the need and stated goals of improvements, he vetoed the bill as unconstitutional under his strict constructionist ideals; his veto message represents an important explication by the "Father of the Constitution."The bonus of $1.5 million and dividends, estimated at $650,000 annually, would be used as a fund "for constructing roads and canals and improving the navigation of watercourses". Calhoun, who had also introduced the proposition in the previous session, defended it on the broad ground that "whatever impedes the intercourse of the extremes with the center of the republic weakens the Union," and that it was the duty of congress to "bind the republic together with a perfect system of roads and canals." Henry Clay, however, had been the real father of the scheme. While the bill proposed no specific system or improvements, when pressed, Calhoun endorsed something along the lines of Gallatin's 1808 Report, which had only been printed in 1816. Initially proposed as an open-ended financing mechanism for improvements, by the time of its passage the bill required that each state benefit equally from the new fund and approve all federal activities within its borders. These compromises weakened the bill and underscore how difficult it was to effect improvements broadly and singly. The bill narrowly (86-84) passed the House on February 8, 1817, and did slightly better (20–15) in the Senate on February 27.On the last day of his administration March 3, 1817, President Madison vetoed the bill, fearing that Clay, Calhoun, and their supporters were playing too fast and loose with the Constitution; he felt that Congress did not have the power under the Constitution to effect internal improvements. Additionally, Madison was appalled at the logrolling and blatant pork barrel spending that accompanied the Bonus Bill debates; it led him to believe that "special-interest issues like internal improvements inexorably corrupted the legislative process". A last-ditch effort to override the veto failed. For most scholars, the failure of the Bonus Bill marks the end of efforts to establish a federal system of internal improvements, but this view is not supported by subsequent events and the growth in federal spending on them. While President James Monroe's announced support for the bonus bill veto slowed improvements legislation during the early part of his administration, the first salvo arrived on March 14, 1818, when the House passed a resolution, declaring that congress had power to appropriate money for the construction of roads and canals, and for the improvement of watercourses. On May 4, 1822, Monroe vetoed a bill to fund and collect tolls on the Cumberland Road. But in an unprecedented step, the president used the occasion to present a report titled “Views of the President of the United States on the Subject of Internal Improvements.” In this critical document, Monroe made clear that while the Constitution did not empower Congress to establish any “system” of internal improvements, he stated “To the appropriation of the public money to improvements, . . . I do not see any well-founded constitutional objection.”... With that statement, Monroe now held that congress had the power to appropriate the public moneys at its discretion; and that though it was in duty bound to select objects of general importance, it was not the province of the president to sit in judgment upon its selections. Additional internal improvements legislation would soon follow.".
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageExternalLink 18170303_veto.htm.
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- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageOutDegree "19".
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- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Albert_Gallatin.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Category:14th_United_States_Congress.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Category:1817_in_law.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Category:Legal_history_of_the_United_States.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Earmark_(finance).
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Explication.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Henry_Clay.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Hypothecated_tax.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Internal_improvements.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink James_Madison.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink James_Monroe.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink John_C._Calhoun.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Logrolling.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Louisiana_Purchase.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Pork_barrel.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Second_Bank_of_the_United_States.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Strict_constructionism.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink Strict_constructionist.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink US_House_of_Representatives.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink US_Senate.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_House_of_Representatives.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLink United_States_Senate.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLinkText "1817 Bonus Bill".
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Bonus Bill of 1817".
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLinkText "Bonus Bill".
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wikiPageWikiLinkText "a fund for internal improvements".
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 hasPhotoCollection Bonus_Bill_of_1817.
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- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 subject Category:14th_United_States_Congress.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 subject Category:1817_in_law.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 subject Category:Legal_history_of_the_United_States.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 hypernym Legislation.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 type Article.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 type Bird.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 type Article.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 comment "The Bonus Bill of 1817 was legislation proposed by John C. Calhoun to earmark the revenue "bonus", as well as future dividends, from the recently established Second Bank of the United States for an internal improvements fund.".
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 label "Bonus Bill of 1817".
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- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 sameAs Q4942655.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 sameAs Q4942655.
- Bonus_Bill_of_1817 wasDerivedFrom Bonus_Bill_of_1817?oldid=679163554.
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