Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Black_Death_migration> ?p ?o }
- Black_Death_migration abstract "The plague disease, or Black Death, caused by Yersinia pestis, is enzootic (commonly present) in populations of ground rodents in Central Asia. Morelli et al. (2010) reported the origin of the plague bacillus to be in China. An older theory places the first cases in the steppes of Central Asia, although some speculate that it originated around northern India, and others, such as the historian Michael W. Dols, argue that the historical evidence concerning epidemics in the Mediterranean and specifically the Plague of Justinian point to a probability that the Black Death originated in Africa and spread to Central Asia, where it then became entrenched among the rodent population. Nevertheless, from Central Asia it was carried east and west along the Silk Road, by Mongol armies and traders making use of the opportunities of free passage within the Mongol Empire offered by the Pax Mongolica. It was reportedly first introduced to Europe at the trading city of Caffa in the Crimea in 1347. After a protracted siege, during which the Mongol army under Jani Beg was suffering the disease, they catapulted the infected corpses over the city walls to infect the inhabitants. The Genoese traders fled, bringing the plague by ship into Sicily and the south of Europe, whence it spread. Whether or not this hypothesis is accurate, it is clear that several preexisting conditions such as war, famine, and weather contributed to the severity of the Black Death. In China, the 13th century Mongol conquest disrupted farming and trading, and led to widespread famine. The population dropped from approximately 120 to 60 million. The 14th century plague is estimated to have killed 1/3 of the population of China.In Europe, the Medieval Warm Period ended sometime towards the end of the 13th century, bringing harsher winters and reduced harvests. In the years 1315 to 1317 a catastrophic famine, known as the Great Famine, struck much of North-West Europe. The famine came about as the result of a large population growth in the previous centuries, with the result that, in the early 14th century the population began to exceed the number that could be sustained by productive capacity of the land and farmers.In Northern Europe, new technological innovations such as the heavy plough and the three-field system were not as effective in clearing new fields for harvest as they were in the Mediterranean because the north had poor, clay-like soil. Food shortages and skyrocketing prices were a fact of life for as much as a century before the plague. Wheat, oats, hay, and consequently livestock, were all in short supply, and their scarcity resulted in hunger and malnutrition. The result was a mounting human vulnerability to disease, due to weakened immune systems.The European economy entered a vicious circle in which hunger and chronic, low-level debilitating disease reduced the productivity of labourers, and so the grain output was reduced, causing grain prices to increase. This situation was worsened when landowners and monarchs like Edward III of England (r. 1327–1377) and Philip VI of France (r. 1328–1350), out of a fear that their comparatively high standard of living would decline, raised the fines and rents of their tenants. Standards of living then fell drastically, diets grew more limited, and Europeans as a whole experienced more health problems.In the autumn of 1314, heavy rains began to fall, which led to several years of cold and wet winters. The already weak harvests of the north suffered and the seven-year famine ensued. The Great Famine was the worst in European history, reducing the population by at least ten percent. Records recreated from dendrochronological studies show a hiatus in building construction during the period, as well as a deterioration in climate.This was the economic and social situation in which the predictor of the coming disaster, a typhoid (Infected Water) epidemic, emerged. Many thousands died in populated urban centres, most significantly Ypres. In 1318 a pestilence of unknown origin, sometimes identified as anthrax, targeted the animals of Europe, notably sheep and cattle, further reducing the food supply and income of the peasantry.".
- Black_Death_migration thumbnail PlaguePlaque.jpg?width=300.
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- Black_Death_migration wikiPageOutDegree "110".
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageRevisionID "683423501".
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Acre,_Israel.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Adriatic_Sea.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Aleppo.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Alexandria.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Amsterdam.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Anatolia.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Anthrax.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Antioch.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Ashkelon.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Askøy.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Baghdad.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Belgium.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Bergen.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Black_Death.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Black_Sea.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Cairo.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Category:Black_Death.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Category:Second_plague_pandemic.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Central_Asia.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Constantinople.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Crimea.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Crimean_Peninsula.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Crop_rotation.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Crown_of_Aragon.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Crown_of_Castile.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Damascus.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Dendrochronology.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink East_Prussia.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Edward_III_of_England.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Egypt.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Enzootic.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Famine.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Feodosia.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Feodosiya.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Gaza_City.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Genoa.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Great_Famine_of_1315–1317.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Great_Famine_of_1315–17.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Great_Northern_War.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Great_Plague_of_1738.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Great_Plague_of_London.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Great_Plague_of_Vienna.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Guangdong.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Guangxi.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Helsinki.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Henan.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Poland_(966–1385).
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink History_of_Poland_during_the_Piast_dynasty.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Homs.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Hubei.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Hunan.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Italian_Plague_of_1629–1631.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Italian_plague_of_1629–31.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Jani_Beg.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Jerusalem.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Jiangxi.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Lebanon.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink List_of_famines.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Low_Countries.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Mecca.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Medieval_Warm_Period.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Messina.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Milan.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Mongol_Empire.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Mongols.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Moscow.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Mosul.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Munich.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Naples.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Netherlands.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Newcastle_upon_Tyne.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink North-West_Europe.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink North_India.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Northwestern_Europe.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Norwich.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Oslo.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Palestine_(region).
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Pax_Mongolica.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Philip_VI_of_France.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Plague_of_Justinian.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Portugal.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Productivity.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Republic_of_Genoa.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Rodent.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Romania.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Scandinavia.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Second_plague_pandemic.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Shanxi.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Sicily.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Sidon.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Siena.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Silk_Road.
- Black_Death_migration wikiPageWikiLink Steppe.