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- Billy_Caldwell abstract "Billy Caldwell, Jr. , baptized Thomas Caldwell (March 17, 1782 – September 28, 1841), known also as Sauganash (Zhaaganaash: [one who speaks] English), was a British-Pottawatomi fur trader who was commissioned captain in the Indian Department of Canada during the War of 1812. He moved to the United States in 1818 and settled there. In 1829 and 1833 he negotiated treaties on behalf of the United Nations of Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi with the United States, and became a leader of a Potawatomi band at Trader's Point (Iowa Territory). He worked to gain the boundary long promised by the British between white settlers and Indians, but never achieved it.Born in a Mohawk refugee camp near Fort Niagara, Billy was the son of a Potawatomie mother (Misheswans) (Caldwell Oral Family History - Ontario) and William Caldwell, a Scots-Irish immigrant to North America and a Loyalist British officer during the American Revolutionary War. He became multilingual, learning Potawatomi, English, and French. After moving to the United States in 1818, Caldwell became a fur trader and learned the Potawatomi language, an Algonquian language; he negotiated with numerous tribes in the Lake Michigan area. He gained their respect and also acted as a translator and negotiator between the government and American Indians. In 1829, Caldwell represented the Chippewa, Ottawa and Potawatomi peoples of the United Nations Tribes in negotiating the Treaty of Prairie du Chien with the United States. For his work, the US granted him a 1600-acre tract, known as the Caldwell Reserve, along the Chicago River. Eighty acres is included within the Cook County Forest Preserve. Together with Alexander Robinson, Caldwell also negotiated the Treaty of Chicago in 1833 for the United Nations Tribes. The US had appointed the two mixed-race men as chiefs in 1829 to fill vacant positions, to encourage the United Nations Tribes to sign the cessions. The treaty led to the final removal of American Indians from that region, to west of the Mississippi River. In 1835, Caldwell migrated with his people from the Chicago region west to Platte County, Missouri. As a result of the Platte Purchase in 1836, Caldwell and his band were removed from Missouri to Iowa Territory, to the area of Trader's Point (Pointe aux Poules) on the east bank of the Missouri River. While living at Trader's Point, Caldwell led a band of approximately 2000 Potawatomi. Their settlement became known as Camp Caldwell. In 1841 Caldwell died; scholars believe it may have been because of cholera.".
- Billy_Caldwell birthDate "1782-03-17".
- Billy_Caldwell birthYear "1782".
- Billy_Caldwell deathDate "1841-09-28".
- Billy_Caldwell deathYear "1841".
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageID "1271221".
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageLength "17998".
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageOutDegree "88".
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageRevisionID "654085508".
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Alcoholism.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Robinson_(Chief).
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Alexander_Robinson_(chief).
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Algonquian_languages.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink American_Revolutionary_War.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Amherstburg.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Amherstburg,_Ontario.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Assumption_of_Mary.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Fort_Dearborn.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_the_Thames.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Belgian.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Belgium.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink British_Crown.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Bureau_of_Indian_Affairs.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Butlers_Rangers.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:1782_births.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:1841_deaths.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_Mohawk_people.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:American_fur_traders.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Council_Bluffs,_Iowa.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:History_of_Chicago,_Illinois.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Native_American_leaders.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Category:Potawatomi_people.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Chicago_River.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Chippewa.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Cholera.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Cook_County.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Cook_County,_Illinois.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Council_Bluffs,_Iowa.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Earl_of_Dunmore.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink First_Nations.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Forest_Glen,_Chicago.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Forest_Preserve_District_of_Cook_County.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Fort_Dearborn.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Fort_Dearborn_Massacre.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Fort_Niagara.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Fur_trade.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Ho-Chunk.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Immigrant.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Immigration.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Indian_Removal.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Indian_removal.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Iowa_Territory.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Iroquoian.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Iroquoian_languages.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Jesuit.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Justice_of_the_peace.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Kickapoo_people.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Lord_Dunmore.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Loyalism.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Loyalist.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Mississippi_River.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Missouri_River.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Mixed-race.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Multiracial.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Métis.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Odawa.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Odawa_people.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Ojibwa.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Ojibwe.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Ojibwe_people.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Omaha,_Nebraska.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Ontario.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Ottawa.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Peoria_County,_Illinois.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Philo_Carpenter.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Pierre-Jean_De_Smet.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Platte_County,_Missouri.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Platte_Purchase.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Potawatomi.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Potawatomi_language.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Potowatomi.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Prairie_du_Chien.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Prairie_du_Chien,_Wisconsin.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Proctor.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Saint_Mary_of_the_Assumption.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Society_of_Jesus.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink St._Louis.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink St._Louis,_Missouri.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Tecumseh.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink The_Crown.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Treaty_of_Chicago.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Treaty_of_Prairie_du_Chien.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Tribal_chief.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink Ulster_Scots_people.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink War_of_1812.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink William_Caldwell_(ranger).
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLink File:De_Smet_Council_Bluffs.jpg.
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLinkText "Billy Caldwell".
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLinkText "Caldwell Indian Reserve".
- Billy_Caldwell wikiPageWikiLinkText "Caldwell's Reserve".