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- Battle_of_Marathon abstract "The Battle of Marathon (Greek: Μάχη τοῦ Μαραθῶνος, Machē tou Marathōnos) took place in 490 BC, during the first Persian invasion of Greece. It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes. The battle was the culmination of the first attempt by Persia, under King Darius I, to subjugate Greece. The Greek army decisively defeated the more numerous Persians, marking a turning point in the Greco-Persian Wars.The first Persian invasion was a response to Greek involvement in the Ionian Revolt, when Athens and Eretria had sent a force to support the cities of Ionia in their attempt to overthrow Persian rule. The Athenians and Eretrians had succeeded in capturing and burning Sardis, but they were then forced to retreat with heavy losses. In response to this raid, Darius swore to burn down Athens and Eretria. According to Herodotus, Darius asked for his bow, he placed an arrow upon the string and he discharged it upwards towards heaven, and as he shot into the air he said: "Zeus, grant me to take vengeance upon the Athenians!". Also he charged one of his servants, to say to him, every day before dinner, three times: "Master, remember the Athenians."At the time of the battle, Sparta and Athens were the two largest city states. Once the Ionian revolt was finally crushed by the Persian victory at the Battle of Lade in 494 BC, Darius began plans to subjugate Greece. In 490 BC, he sent a naval task force under Datis and Artaphernes across the Aegean, to subjugate the Cyclades, and then to make punitive attacks on Athens and Eretrea. Reaching Euboea in mid-summer after a successful campaign in the Aegean, the Persians proceeded to besiege and capture Eretria. The Persian force then sailed for Attica, landing in the bay near the town of Marathon. The Athenians, joined by a small force from Plataea, marched to Marathon, and succeeded in blocking the two exits from the plain of Marathon. The Athenians also sent a message asking for support to the Spartans. However, at the time the Spartans were involved in a religious festival and gave this as a reason for refusing to aid the Athenians.The Greeks could not hope to face the superior Persian cavalry; however, the location chosen was surrounded by marshes and mountains and so the cavalry was unable to join the main Persian army. Miltiades, the Greek general, ordered a general attack against the Persians. He reinforced his flanks, luring the Persians' best fighters into his centre. The inward wheeling flanks enveloped the Persians, routing them. The Persian army broke in panic towards their ships, and large numbers were slaughtered. The defeat at Marathon marked the end of the first Persian invasion of Greece, and the Persian force retreated to Asia. Darius then began raising a huge new army with which he meant to completely subjugate Greece; however, in 486 BC, his Egyptian subjects revolted, indefinitely postponing any Greek expedition. After Darius died, his son Xerxes I restarted the preparations for a second invasion of Greece, which finally began in 480 BC.The Battle of Marathon was a watershed in the Greco-Persian wars, showing the Greeks that the Persians could be beaten; the eventual Greek triumph in these wars can be seen to begin at Marathon. The battle also showed the Greeks that they were able to win battles without the Spartans, as they had heavily relied on Sparta previously. This win was largely due to the Athenians, and Marathon raised Greek esteem of them. Since the following two hundred years saw the rise of the Classical Greek civilization, which has been enduringly influential in western society, the Battle of Marathon is often seen as a pivotal moment in European history. The battle is perhaps now more famous as the inspiration for the marathon race. Although thought to be historically inaccurate, the legend of the Greek messenger Pheidippides running to Athens with news of the victory became the inspiration for this athletic event, introduced at the 1896 Athens Olympics, and originally run between Marathon and Athens.".
- Battle_of_Marathon causalties "1,000–3,000 dead (modern estimates)".
- Battle_of_Marathon causalties "11 Plataeans (Herodotus)".
- Battle_of_Marathon causalties "192 Athenians,".
- Battle_of_Marathon combatant "Athens,".
- Battle_of_Marathon combatant "Persian Empire".
- Battle_of_Marathon combatant "Plataea".
- Battle_of_Marathon commander Artaphernes_(son_of_Artaphernes).
- Battle_of_Marathon commander Callimachus_(polemarch).
- Battle_of_Marathon commander Datis.
- Battle_of_Marathon commander Miltiades.
- Battle_of_Marathon isPartOfMilitaryConflict Greco-Persian_Wars.
- Battle_of_Marathon place Marathon,_Greece.
- Battle_of_Marathon result "* Decisive Greek victory".
- Battle_of_Marathon result "* Persian forces driven out of Greece for 10 years.".
- Battle_of_Marathon strength "1,000 Plataeans".
- Battle_of_Marathon strength "25,000 infantry and 1,000 cavalry (modern estimates)".
- Battle_of_Marathon strength "9,000–10,000 Athenians,".
- Battle_of_Marathon thumbnail Ac.marathon.jpg?width=300.
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- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink 1896_Summer_Olympics.
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- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Artaphernes_(son_of_Artaphernes).
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- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Artemisium.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Hastings.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Lade.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Leuctra.
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- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Salamis.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Thermopylae.
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- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Callimachus_(polemarch).
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Carnea.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Carneia.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Category:490_BC.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battle_of_Marathon.
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- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Darius_I.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Darius_I_of_Persia.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Datis.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Diodorus_Siculus.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Double_envelopment.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Earth_and_water.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Echetlaeus.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Echetlus.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Ellinikí_Radiofonía_Tileórasi.
- Battle_of_Marathon wikiPageWikiLink Ephorus.