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- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) abstract "The Battle of Carthage was the main engagement of the Third Punic War between the Punic city of Carthage in Africa and the Roman Republic. It was a siege operation, starting sometime between 149 and 148 BC, and ending in spring 146 BC with the sack and complete destruction of the city of Carthage.After a Roman army under Manius Manilius landed in Africa in 149 BC, Carthage surrendered and handed over hostages and arms. However, the Romans demanded the complete surrender of the city, and surprisingly to the Romans the city refused, the faction advocating submission overturned by one in favor of defense.The Carthaginians manned the walls and defied the Romans, a situation which lasted for two years. In this period, the 500,000 Carthaginians inside the wall transformed the town into a huge arsenal. They produced about 300 swords, 500 spears, 140 shields and 1,000 projectiles for catapults daily.The Romans elected the young but popular Scipio Aemilianus as consul, a special law being passed to lift the age restriction. Scipio restored discipline, defeated the Carthaginians at Nepheris, and besieged the city closely, constructing a mole to block the harbor.In spring 146 BC, the Romans broke through the city wall but they were hard-pressed to take the city. Every building, house and temple had been turned into a stronghold and every Carthaginian had taken up a weapon. The Romans were forced to move slowly, capturing the city house by house, street by street and fighting each Carthaginian soldier who fought with courage born of despair. Eventually after hours upon hours of house-to-house fighting, the Carthaginians surrendered. An estimated 50,000 surviving inhabitants were sold into slavery. The city was then leveled. The land surrounding Carthage was eventually declared ager publicus (public land), and it was shared between local farmers, and Roman and Italian ones.Before the end of the battle, a dramatic event took place: 900 survivors, most of them Roman deserters, had found refuge in the temple of Eshmun, in the citadel of Byrsa, although it was already burning. They negotiated their surrender, but Scipio Aemilianus expressed that forgiveness was impossible either for Hasdrubal, the general who defended the city, or for the defectors. Hasdrubal then left the Citadel to surrender and pray for mercy (he had tortured Roman prisoners in front of the Roman army). At that moment Hasdrubal's wife allegedly went out with her two children, insulted her husband, sacrificed her sons and jumped with them into a fire that the deserters had started.The deserters too then hurled themselves into the flames, upon which Scipio Aemilianus began weeping. He recited a sentence from Homer's Iliad, a prophecy about the destruction of Troy, that could be applied now to Carthage's end. Scipio declared that the fate of Carthage might one day be Rome's. In the words of Polybius:Scipio, when he looked upon the city as it was utterly perishing and in the last throes of its complete destruction, is said to have shed tears and wept openly for his enemies. After being wrapped in thought for long, and realizing that all cities, nations, and authorities must, like men, meet their doom; that this happened to Ilium, once a prosperous city, to the empires of Assyria, Media, and Persia, the greatest of their time, and to Macedonia itself, the brilliance of which was so recent, either deliberately or the verses escaping him, he said: A day will come when sacred Troy shall perish,And Priam and his people shall be slain.And when Polybius speaking with freedom to him, for he was his teacher, asked him what he meant by the words, they say that without any attempt at concealment he named his own country, for which he feared when he reflected on the fate of all things human. Polybius actually heard him and recalls it in his history.Since the 19th century, various historians have claimed that the Romans plowed over the city and sowed salt into the soil after destroying it, but this is not supported by ancient sources.".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) causalties "17,000 killed".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) combatant "12pxCarthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) combatant "25pxRoman Republic".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) commander Hasdrubal_the_Boetharch.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) commander Manius_Manilius.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) commander Scipio_Aemilianus.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) isPartOfMilitaryConflict Third_Punic_War.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) place Carthage.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) result "DecisiveRomanvictory".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) result "Destruction ofCarthage's city and empire".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) result "End of thePunic Wars".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) strength "310,000 civilians".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) strength "400,000:".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) strength "80,000 men and 4,000 cavalry".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) strength "90,000 defenders,".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) thumbnail Carthage_villas-romaines_1950.jpg?width=300.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageID "266649".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageLength "7599".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageOutDegree "71".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageRevisionID "683208338".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink 149_BC.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Achaemenid_Empire.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Africa.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Ager_publicus.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Ancient_Carthage.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Arsenal.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Assyria.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Assyrian_Empire.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Battle_of_Nepheris_(147_BC).
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Byrsa.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Carthage.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Catapult.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Category:140s_BC_in_Tunisia.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Category:149_BC.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Battles_of_the_Third_Punic_War.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Mass_suicides.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Military_history_of_Tunisia.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Sieges_involving_the_Roman_Republic.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Category:Urban_warfare.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink City_wall.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Decline_of_the_Roman_Empire.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Defensive_wall.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Duncan_B._Campbell.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Eshmun.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Farmer.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Harbor.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Hasdrubal_the_Boeotarch.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Hasdrubal_the_Boetharch.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Historiography_of_the_fall_of_the_Western_Roman_Empire.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Homer.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Hostage.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Iliad.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Italy.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Kingdom_of_Macedonia.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Macedonia_(ancient_kingdom).
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Manius_Manilius.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Medes.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Median_Empire.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Mole_(architecture).
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Polybius.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Priam.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Projectile.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Punic.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Punic_Wars.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Punics.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Roman_Republic.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Roman_army.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Roman_consul.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Salting_the_earth.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Scipio_Aemilianus.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Shield.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Siege.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Slavery.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Spear.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Sword.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Third_Punic_War.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Troy.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Tunis.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Urban_warfare.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink Weapon.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink File:Carthage_location_2.png.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink File:Carthage_standard.svg.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink File:Carthage_villas-romaines_1950.jpg.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLink File:Spqrstone.jpg.
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Battle of Carthage (c. 149 BC)".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Battle of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Fall of the Carthaginian Empire".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Sack of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Siege of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "Third Battle of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "destruction of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "siege of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "the Roman invasion".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) wikiPageWikiLinkText "total destruction of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) caption "The ruins of Carthage".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) casualties "17000".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) casualties "350000".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) casualties "50000".
- Battle_of_Carthage_(c._149_BC) combatant "12".