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- Battle_of_Caishi abstract "The Battle of Caishi (Battle of Ts'ai-shih; Chinese: 采石之戰) was a major naval engagement of the Jin–Song Wars of China that took place on November 26–27, 1161. Soldiers under the command of Prince Hailing, the Jurchen emperor of the Jin dynasty, tried to cross the Yangtze River to attack Song China. Yu Yunwen, a civil official, commanded the defending Song army. The paddle-wheel warships of the Song fleet, equipped with trebuchets that launched incendiary bombs made of gunpowder and lime, decisively defeated the light ships of the Jin navy.Starting in 1125 the Jin had conquered all Song territories north of the Huai River. In 1142, a peace treaty settled the border between the two states, putting the Jin in control of northern China and the Song in control of the south. Prince Hailing was enthroned in 1150, and was intent on uniting northern and southern China under a single emperor. In 1158, he asserted that the Song had violated the 1142 treaty, a pretext for declaring war on the Song. He began preparations for the war in the following year. He instituted a draft in which all able-bodied men were required to enlist. The draft was unpopular, precipitating revolts that were later suppressed. The Jin army left the capital of Kaifeng on October 15, 1161, and pushed through from the Huai to the Yangtze River without much resistance from the Song.The Song were fortified along the Yangtze front. Hailing planned to cross the river at Caishi, south of modern-day Nanjing. He embarked from the shore of the Yangtze on November 26, and clashed with Song forces led by Yu Yunwen in a naval engagement. Hailing lost the battle and retreated to Yangzhou. Hailing was assassinated in a military camp by his own men shortly after the Caishi battle. A military coup had taken place in the Jin court while Hailing was absent, enthroning Emperor Shizong as the new emperor. A peace treaty signed in 1165 ended the conflict between Song and Jin.Song sources likely inflated the number of Jin soldiers and casualties at Caishi, but the 18,000 figure for the Song army is plausible. Modern studies suggest that the battle was smaller and that both sides were more evenly matched than traditional accounts suggest. Nonetheless, the victory boosted the morale of the Song infantry and halted the southern advance of the Jin army. Emperor Gaozong abdicated nine months after the battle ended.".
- Battle_of_Caishi causalties "At most 4,000 soldiers".
- Battle_of_Caishi combatant "JurchenJin dynasty".
- Battle_of_Caishi combatant "Southern Song dynasty".
- Battle_of_Caishi commander Prince_Hailing_of_Jin.
- Battle_of_Caishi commander Yu_Yunwen.
- Battle_of_Caishi isPartOfMilitaryConflict Jin–Song_Wars.
- Battle_of_Caishi place Yangtze.
- Battle_of_Caishi result "Song victory".
- Battle_of_Caishi strength "Disputed".
- Battle_of_Caishi strength "Likely 18,000 soldiers".
- Battle_of_Caishi thumbnail Songrivership3.jpg?width=300.
- Battle_of_Caishi wikiPageID "4001434".
- Battle_of_Caishi wikiPageLength "29291".
- Battle_of_Caishi wikiPageOutDegree "108".
- Battle_of_Caishi wikiPageRevisionID "683562183".
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- Battle_of_Caishi wikiPageWikiLink Category:1161_in_China.
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