Matches in DBpedia 2015-10 for { <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Atropisomer> ?p ?o }
- Atropisomer abstract "Atropisomers are stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a single bond, where energy differences due to steric strain or other contributors create a barrier to rotation that is high enough to allow for isolation of individual conformers. The word atropisomer (Gr., άτροπος, atropos, meaning "without turn") was coined in application to a theoretical concept by German biochemist Richard Kuhn for Karl Freudenberg's seminal Stereochemie volume in 1933. Atropisomerism was first experimentally detected in a tetra substituted biphenyl, a diacid, by George Christie and James Kenner in 1922. Michinori Ōki further refined the definition of atropisomers taking into account the temperature-dependence associated with the interconversion of conformers, specifying that atropisomers interconvert with a half-life of at least 1000 seconds at a given temperature, corresponding to an energy barrier of 93 kJ mol−1 (22 kcal mol −1) at 300 K (27 °C).Three basic factors contribute to the stability of individual atropisomers: the repulsive interactions (e.g., steric bulk) of substituents near the axis of rotation, the length and rigidity of the single bond, a largely sp2-sp2 type of bond joining the aryl rings, and whether there are photochemical or other mechanisms to induce rotation in addition to thermal pathways. A variety of methods are employed to study atropisomers, including (from more general to more specific/structural), dipolemetry, titrimetry, electronic and infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, the last two being primary means of structure characterization of organic systems, and the last being an ideal means of studying dynamics when the system is amenable to it; inferences from theory and results of reaction outcomes and yields also contribute.The importance of atropisomers arises to significant degree because with sufficient stability of a conformer, they can display axial chirality (planar chirality). Atropisomers that display axial chirality often have substituents ortho to the bond joining the aryl rings, substituents that cause significant steric repulsion that hinders rotation about the bond. The degree of hindrance correlates with the van der Waals radii of the particular substituents, and other properties that contribute to their repulsive potentials. As the Ōki refinement of the atropisomer definition suggests, atropisomers are involved in a chemical equilibrium that, for a given structure, is thermally controlled; they differ in this way from most other types of chiral structures, where interconversion involves a chemical isomerization (i.e., with breaking and reforming of covalent bonds).".
- Atropisomer thumbnail Atropisomer.svg?width=300.
- Atropisomer wikiPageExternalLink 2005_Allan.pdf.
- Atropisomer wikiPageID "2578372".
- Atropisomer wikiPageLength "14894".
- Atropisomer wikiPageOutDegree "72".
- Atropisomer wikiPageRevisionID "680573530".
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink 1,1-Bi-2-naphthol.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink 1,1-bi-2-naphthol.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Alkene.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Arene_substitution_pattern.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Arene_substitution_patterns.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Aryl.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Aryl_radical.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Asphodelaceae.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Asphodeloideae.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Atropos.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Axial_chirality.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink BINAP.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink BINOL.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Barton-McCombie_reaction.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Barton–McCombie_deoxygenation.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Biaryl.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Biphenyl.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Bond_dipole_moment.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Cahn–Ingold–Prelog_priority_rules.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Calorie.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Carbon-nitrogen_bond.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Carbon–nitrogen_bond.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Category:Stereochemistry.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Chemical_equilibrium.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Conformational_isomerism.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Covalent_bond.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Crystallization.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Cyclohexane.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Diacid.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Dicarboxylic_acid.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Gibbs_free_energy.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Grignard_reaction.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Half-life.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Hammett_equation.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Hexane.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Homolysis_(chemistry).
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Imidazole.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Infrared_spectroscopy.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Intramolecular.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Intramolecular_reaction.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Joule.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Karl_Freudenberg.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Kilocalorie.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Kilojoule.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Kniphofia.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Knipholone.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Mole_(unit).
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Naphthalene.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Natural_Products.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Natural_product.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Newman_projection.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Nuclear_magnetic_resonance.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Organotin.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Organotin_chemistry.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Planar_chirality.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Stereocenter.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Stereoisomer.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Stereoisomerism.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Stereoisomers.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Steric_strain.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Substituent.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Suzuki-Miyaura_reaction.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Suzuki_reaction.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Telenzepine.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Titration.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink UV-visible_spectroscopy.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Ullmann_reaction.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Ultraviolet–visible_spectroscopy.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Valine.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Van_der_Waals_radius.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Van_der_Waals_strain.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Vancomycin.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink Vibrational_spectroscopy.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink X-ray_crystallography.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink File:Atropisomer.svg.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink File:Atropisomer_stereochem.png.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink File:BINAP,_BINOL,_QUINAP.png.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink File:PNligand3.png.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink File:RelayAsymmTransientAtropisomer.svg.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLink File:SynthesisofAtropisomer.png.
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLinkText "Atropisomer".
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLinkText "atropisomer".
- Atropisomer wikiPageWikiLinkText "atroposelective".
- Atropisomer hasPhotoCollection Atropisomer.
- Atropisomer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Citation_needed.
- Atropisomer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Cite_web.
- Atropisomer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Gallery.
- Atropisomer wikiPageUsesTemplate Template:Reflist.
- Atropisomer subject Category:Stereochemistry.
- Atropisomer hypernym Stereoisomers.
- Atropisomer type ChemicalCompound.
- Atropisomer comment "Atropisomers are stereoisomers arising because of hindered rotation about a single bond, where energy differences due to steric strain or other contributors create a barrier to rotation that is high enough to allow for isolation of individual conformers. The word atropisomer (Gr., άτροπος, atropos, meaning "without turn") was coined in application to a theoretical concept by German biochemist Richard Kuhn for Karl Freudenberg's seminal Stereochemie volume in 1933.".
- Atropisomer label "Atropisomer".